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In the introduction to We Created Chávez, George Ciccariello-Maher asksthe following question: Why would radical revolutionary groups in Venezuelasupport the head of the state apparatus, Hugo Chávez Frías, and the institutionalpower that he represented? Underlying this question is an assumption thatorients the "people's history" of Venezuelan politics and its revolution that arerecounted in the book.

"Researchers frequently experience sexualized interactions, sexual objectification, and harassment as they conduct fieldwork. Nevertheless, these experiences are often left out of ethnographers' "tales from the field" and remain unaddressed within qualitative literature. Harassed argues that the androcentric, racist, and colonialist epistemological foundations of ethnographic methodology contribute to silence surrounding sexual harassment and other forms of violence. The authors challenge readers to recognize how these attitudes put researchers at risk; furthers the solitude experienced by researchers; leads others to question the validity of their work; and, in turn, negatively impacts the construction of ethnographic knowledge. With the intent to improve methodological training, data collection, and knowledge produced by all researchers, Harassed advocates for an embodied approach to ethnography to reflexively engage with the ways that researchers' bodies shape the knowledge they produce. By challenging these assumptions, the authors offer an opportunity for researchers, advisors, and educators to consider the multiplicity of ways good ethnographic research can be conducted"--Provided by publisher

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Ethnographic Fixations -- 2. Gendered Bodies and Field Research -- 3. Sexual Harassment in the Field -- 4. The Costs -- 5. Constructing Knowledge -- 6. Moving Forward -- Notes -- References -- Index

AbstractHow do mothers deal with chronic violence and the constant presence of guns in their neighborhoods? How do they build situated meaning and discursive practices out of their experiences and relationships with armed actors? We compare the experiences of women in two poor and working-class neighborhoods in Caracas. Through this comparative ethnographic project, we aim to show how, in the midst of state-sponsored depredation and with an overwhelming presence of guns in their lives, women use their cultural roles as mothers to perform everyday forms of resistance vis-à-vis the different armed actors that impose their presence in the barrios. In the mothers' daily struggles, dramatic discursive actions—from more openly oppositional ones, such as shouting, scolding, and talking, to more hidden ones, such as both "circulating gossip" and "captive gossip," to more vulnerable ones, such as whispering—are main resources in the micropolitics of their neighborhoods. Our findings suggest that strategies are context dependent and most likely vary according to numerous factors, including the history of civic organizing, policing practices, and the type of armed actor with whom they cohabitate in their neighborhood.

In this introduction to the journal's special issue on Gender, Violence, and the Production of Knowledge we engage with the collected articles to expand conversations on embodiment and research. The issue brings together articles that reflect on gender, race, and violence throughout academic spaces—from teaching to tenure, from field sites to job talks. They contribute to ongoing conversations that interrogate embodied experiences not only in the field but also within the university more generally, including but not limited to experiences of harassment. In short, they exemplify, complicate, and go beyond what we argued in our 2019 book: Harassed: Gender, Bodies, and Ethnographic Research. When read together, the pieces drive forward inseparable conversations on race, gender, and the academy; competency, risk, and pleasure in the field; and embodiment, the aesthetics of resilience, and resistance. Collectively, the articles underscore precisely why attending to embodiment—its pains, its pleasures, its histories and silences—in the field as well as institutional academic spaces is so crucial for the wellbeing of scholars and for the production of transformative knowledge.

El acoso sexual y la sexualización son experiencias comunes para las mujeres investigadoras cuando llevan a cabo trabajo de campo. Sin embargo, estos temas rara vez se mencionan en los libros y clases de métodos. Este artículo se basa en entrevistas con investigadoras/es cualitativas/os (47 mujeres y nueve hombres) en la academia norteamericana y critica el silencio que rodea al acoso sexual en terreno. Sostenemos que este silencio es un indicador de un problema mayor: las/los investigadoras/es eliminan experiencias corporizadas de su investigación cualitativa. El silencio disciplinario que rodea el acoso sexual tiene un costo tanto para las/los investigadoras/es individuales como para la construcción del conocimiento etnográfico. Sostenemos que las/los investigadoras/es cualitativas/os deben hacer una reflexión crítica crítica sobre cómo el trabajo de campo y la recolección de datos están moldeados por el género, la raza, la sexualidad y la nacionalidad, y hacemos un llamado por la inclusión de las experiencias corporales, reconociendo las maneras en que estas son mutuamente constitutivas en la producción de conocimientos.

Since 2017, state security forces in Venezuela have been responsible for over 20% of violent deaths in the country. This represents an unprecedented period of state repression in the country's history that demands examination. In this article, we argue that in order to understand the recent increase in violent deaths in Venezuela during the post-Chávez period, we must place at the center of our analysis the discourses and practices of an extremely privileged actor, the state, in the context of the collapse of oil prices. We propose that this upsurge of lethal violence can be understood within the historical process of militarization of citizen security. In the first phase, starting in 2009, we see an increase in carceral punitivism—the hyperreaction of the penal state. In the second, a new stage in militarized raids is launched which, over the years, gave way to a practice of systematic extralegal killings that became the fundamental strategy of social control. These raids represent a necropolitical approach to governance in a context of extreme economic and political crisis.