Suchergebnisse

Abstract
In recent decades, development policy research has increasingly turned to the field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science for improving policy adoption and sustainability toward health and gender equity. The Johnson Sirleaf administration prioritized reforming national rape laws and launching the Sexual and Gender-Based Violence Referral Pathway to mitigate institutionalized sexual gender-based violence targeting vulnerable girls. Applying a D&I framework, this study explores key D&I issues hindering effective utilization of the Pathway to prevent and respond to female statutory rape. We present the findings from a 2018 mixed-method field study. A total of 35.1 percent of young women experienced unreported early sexual activity legally categorized as statutory rape. Most perpetrators held positions of trust, including 38 percent working in school environments. Additionally, a qualitative analysis of data from a literature synthesis and key informant interviews explores in depth the reasons behind identified D&I issues. Findings indicate that the top-down intervention was hurried in initial phases of exploration and adoption, leading to cracks in later implementation and sustainability. There was insufficient demand among county and community stakeholders to utilize the system. Additionally, governmental capacity was constrained, including dependency on external resourcing, overburdened public services, poor policy dissemination at decentralized levels, low investigation and prosecution rates, and distrust in the value and effectiveness of the formal legal process. This analysis highlights the need for global developmental policy efforts to better explore mechanisms to authentically incorporate bottom-up feedback from street-level bureaucrats and community stakeholders.

The 2022 Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine caused millions of Ukrainians to flee. Yet most citizens continue to reside in the country, playing critical roles in the Ukrainian resistance. Today the Ukrainian fighting force includes trained military and police as well as citizens who either were conscripted or volunteered to take part in national war efforts. This mixed-method study conducted in Spring 2022 presents data collected from 79 respondents in a semistructured survey, using snowball sampling. Data analysis examined individual self-reported motivations, attitudes toward the conflict, resilience, quality-of-life hardships, and scaled perceived stress. Results indicated that Ukrainian resistance members face extreme physical threats, are displaced, separated from family, and experience high levels of stress, especially anxiety, sadness, and anger. Yet individuals tend to experience significantly less overall Perceived Symptoms Scale symptoms if they have intrinsic motivations linked to patriotic ideologies, altruism, and preventing genocide. Bootstrap regression modeling indicates that familial relationship with their nation reduces symptoms by approximately 13%. Comparatively, being extensively separated from family is linked to 21% higher stress. These motivations appear to provide a sense of purpose and source of resiliency despite the health risks associated with resisting a full-scale foreign invasion. My purpose with this article is to represent respondents' motivations and experiences during the war and to help inform future public health policy and program services that many Ukrainians may need to recover.

Abstract
Billions in development aid is provided annually by international donors in the Majority World, much of which funds health equity. Yet, common neocolonial practices persist in development that compromise what is done in the name of well-intentioned policymaking and programming. Based on a qualitative analysis of fifteen case studies presented at a 2022 conference, this research examines trends involving unethical partnerships, policies, and practices in contemporary global health. The analysis identifies major modern-day issues of harmful policy and programming in international aid. Core issues include inequitable partnerships between and representation of international stakeholders and national actors, abuse of staff and unequal treatment, and new forms of microaggressive practices by Minority World entities on low-/middle-income nations (LMICs), made vulnerable by severe poverty and instability. When present, these issues often exacerbate institutionalized discrimination, hostile work environments, ethnocentrism, and poor sustainability in development. These unbalanced systems perpetuate a negative development culture and can place those willing to speak out at risk. At a time when the world faces increased threats including global warming and new health crises, development and global health policy and practice must evolve through inclusive dialogue and collaborative effort.