Suchergebnisse

Este artículo se propone examinar el desarrollo de la industria autopartista argentina durante los dos primeros gobiernos pero-nistas (1945 y 1955). Nos centramos en las políticas de incen-tivo al sector, principalmente a través de la fábrica automotriz de Industrias Aeronáuticas y Mecánicas del Estado. Asimismo, analizamos los límites con que esta actividad se encontró al ex-pandirse en el período, en especial en relación con las materias primas y el equipamiento. Creemos que a pesar de los incentivos estatales, el desarrollo de esta rama encontró obstáculos propios de la estructura económica del país. En este trabajo utilizamos fuentes tanto oficiales como publicaciones de entidades empre-sariales, entre otras.

En este artículo se analizan las medidas laborales, conflictividad y demandas obreras que se suscitaron en Argentina frente a la declaratoria de cuarentena generada por el covid-19. Entre las medidas se encontraron las actividades exceptuadas, regulación del teletrabajo y trabajo eventual, disposiciones sobre despidos y suspensiones y aquellas destinadas a quienes quedaron desocupados o no podían trabajar. Para ello, este artículo recurrió a artículos noticiosos de los periódicos nacionales, portales web de noticias provinciales, portales web políticos gremiales y a la normativa emitida por el Ministerio del Trabajo argentino. El artículo concluye que la regulación y las medidas tendientes a evitar el aumento de la desocupación no lograron frenar los despidos ni las suspensiones. A su vez, se habilitó una reducción del salario nominal que se suma a la caída del salario real por la postergación de las negociaciones paritarias.

The spatial layout of cities is an important feature of urban form, highlighted by urban planners but overlooked by economists. This paper investigates the causal economic implications of city shape in India. I measure cities' geometric properties over time using satellite imagery and historical maps. I develop an instrument for urban shape based on geographic obstacles encountered by expanding cities. Compact city shape is associated with faster population growth and households display positive willingness to pay for more compact layouts. Transit accessibility is an important channel. Land use regulations can contribute to deteriorating city shape. (JEL O18, R14, R23, R52, R58)

During the War in China (1937–1945), the Japanese military combined warfare with the maintenance of a military occupation. To sustain its tentative grasp over the occupied territories, the Japanese military vied to cultivate trust among the local population. This was a challenging task in the midst of a violent war which as many historical works described was accompanied by brutal war crimes. A less explored aspect of the occupation was medical care. This article unfolds this history by analysing medical encounters between Japanese military medics and military affiliated agents, and members of the local population in the rural Chinese countryside. Testimonies reveal that these encounters – some spontaneous and others deliberate – were small moments of humanity and benevolence within a violent environment. Concomitantly, they demonstrate the overarching tension in this unequal encounter and the use of medicine as a pacifying tool that also served as means to build and maintain the occupation through the transference of medical trust towards the military at large. Thus, this article presents a different aspect of the role of trust and distrust in medical care, as well as expanding the analysis of medicine as a 'tool of empire' to the context of military occupation.

Summary
During the tumultuous Meiji era (1868–1912), medicine, war and the relationship between them changed significantly in Japan, in reaction to the expansion of western imperialism. During this era of reforms, which coincided with the rise of humanitarianism and the modernisation of international warfare, a new role emerged at the intersection of war and medicine: the medic. Medics were paradoxical figures, serving as soldiers whom the military trained to provide care but forbade to fight. The medic evolved continuously as army leaders and the army's medical department repeatedly redefined it in light of knowledge obtained from abroad and of accrued wartime experience. This article explores how the role evolved out of discrepancies between learned, planned and encountered realities and argues that the invention and reinvention of the medic mirrored attempts to redefine not only medicine's role in battle, but also medical care, where it was to be provided and by whom.