Suchergebnisse

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, we examined African American, low‐income mothers' emotional reactivity and use of punishment in relation to determinants of parenting and children's behavior.BackgroundMore research is needed examining within‐group variation in parenting processes, including discipline, of African American parents. Parents' negative emotion may have implications for children's behavior independent of punishment as a disciplinary strategy.MethodParticipants were 157 African American, low‐income mothers and their 4‐ to 7‐year‐old children. Mothers responded verbally to a questionnaire and were observed interacting in their natural home environment. Direct and indirect relations were examined from three determinants of parenting (i.e., depression, household disorganization, child difficulty) to negative emotional reactivity, punishment, sensitivity, and children's behavior.ResultsDepressive symptoms, household disorganization, and child difficulty were associated with children's externalizing and internalizing behavior indirectly through negative emotional reactivity. Household disorganization predicted externalizing behavior through verbal punishment. Physical punishment was not related to children's behavior above and beyond negative emotional reactivity.ConclusionThis study supports the proposal that parents' ability to regulate negative emotional reactivity in stressful contexts may have important implications for parenting and children's development above and beyond punishment.ImplicationsIntervention and preventative parent education programs should consider adding components that help parents with emotion regulation during stressful parenting situations.

Study design and methods / Paul P. Biemer, Kathryn Dowd, and Mary Bruce Webb -- Quality of the early caregiving environment and preschool well-being : an examination of children entering the child welfare system during infancy / Brenda Jones Harden ... [et al.] -- Risk and resilience among children referred to the child welfare system : a longitudinal investigation of child well-being in multiple domains / Anne Shaffer, Byron Egeland, and Kevin Wang -- Latent classification of physical abuse as a predictor of adolescent functioning / Charles V. Izzo ... [et al.] -- Effects of intimate-partner violence on child psychopathology / William Gardner, Kelly Kelleher, and Kathleen Pajer -- Comparative safety, stability, and continuity of children's placements in formal and informal substitute care / Mark Testa, Christina M. Bruhn, and Jesse Helton -- The social capital of youth in foster care : an assessment and policy implications / Matthew Stagner and Daniel Kuehn -- Explaining reunification and reentry 3 years after placement in out-of-home care / Richard P. Barth ... [et al.] -- Racial and ethnic diversity in the initial child welfare experience : exploring areas of convergence and divergence / Robert M. Ortega ... [et al.] -- Patterns and predictors of mental health services use by children in contact with the child welfare system / Sarah McCue Horwitz, Michael S. Hurlburt, and Jinjin Zhang -- Exits from out-of-home care and continuity of mental health service use / John Landsverk ... [et al.] -- Caregiver depression, mental health service use, and child outcomes / Barbara J. Burns ... [et al.] -- Organizational climate and service outcomes in child welfare systems / Charles Glisson -- Information management, interagency collaboration, and outcomes in child welfare agencies / E. Michael Foster, Rebecca Wells, and Yu Bai

Attachment is the emotional bonding between a child and a caregiver. Whether or not there is a secure attachment in early childhood has a profound life-long impact on the child. In recent years, attachment-based interventions have been developed and implemented, especially with families from low socioeconomic backgrounds. One important aspect of the program is to assess the quality of parent-child interactions through audio/video recorded at home while parent-child dyads were engaged in semi-structured interaction tasks, such as "three-bag-assessment." The current practice relies on human coders to rate the videos, which is a time-consuming process. Using a dataset of 220 video recordings of parent-child dyads collected at home as part of an attachment-based intervention program, we prototype a machine learning approach based on human body keypoints extracted from the posture analysis tool OpenPose and voice activity features derived from audio recordings. The results show that there are potential values in using machine learning to improve the coding efficiency of parent-child interactions. When further developed and improved, this kind of model may contribute to a new vision of AI-assisted parenting coaching support to make evidence-based interventions accessible and affordable at a large scale to children and families.