Suchergebnisse

Employing Mode 2 science perspective, the present study attempts to understand the interaction of culture of science and science policy making in Solar Photovoltaic (spv) research and technology development in India. Despite an early start, India has been lacking in the process of development and deployment of spv technologies since the 1960s. The study explores the factors that affected the spv research and technology development programmes in India. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, data were collected from scientists located in different academic and R&D institutions engaged in production of application oriented knowledge. The study points out that over time the conditions of spv research have been mediated by the problematic construction of public policy making in the area of energy. Unimaginative and half-hearted approach to policy making contributed to discontinuous production of knowledge and made spv technology and industrial development insignificant. This kind of ambience produced multiple effects like little or no interaction between academia-industry interaction, and crisis in the production of scientific knowledge, alienation of scientific community. The study concludes that spv science and technology development was considered at one stage as inappropriate to the Indian context for various reasons, and consequently failed to develop the strategic and commercial area of research like silicon.

The objective of this paper is to understand different phases of solar photovoltaic (spv) technology in India and the interplay of scientific, technological, economic, and political factors in each of the phases. There are four distinct phases. In the first-phase (1947-1970), spv technology was recognized as an important source of energy for countries like India. In the second phase (1971-1990), the oil crisis led to the formulation of new scientific and technological initiatives and programs in spv, but due to a lack of political commitment the initiatives disintegrated. In the third phase (1991-2003), several factors seemed to have undermined the development of spv sector. Currently in the fourth phase (2003 to the present), India has virtually lost the race for development of photovoltaic technology. Within the context of climate change and resource constraint, India has reformulated its strategy which has taken the form of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission Plan (jnnsm).This paper examines how jnnsm influences indigenous attempts in photovoltaic technology development. The paper shows how scientific, technological, economic and political factors have contributed to discontinuities in the development of the technology.

Advancements in production technologies not only enabled increased productivity and efficiency but also facilitated better control over production process and workers. The present paper attempts to study the impact of plant biotechnological interventions vis-à-vis control over production process and workers in the plant tissue culture industrial units engaged in the production of horticultural plantlets. In a comparative study of six plant tissue culture industries and conventional nurseries it was observed that plant tissue culture technology facilitates better control over work through scheduling of tasks and regimentation of work. Routinization of work process helped the managers to close supervision and evaluation of workers' performance.