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The article considers the essence of land transformations in agrarian changes. The history of the development of land relations is studied and the conditions that determine their formation and functioning are analyzed. It is determined that the use of land for economic activities is carried out on the basis of land law, the constituent elements of which are the right of ownership, the right to use and the right to dispose of land by the subjects of this right. The system of land management that existed during the Soviet era provided for bans on land agreements and thus helped to preserve the country's land fund and its structure in a more traditional form. With the transition to a market economy, the state monopoly on land was abolished, and this contributed to an increase in the number of grounds for the emergence of private property rights, mainly through contracts of sale, inheritance, gift, will, etc., which could not be in the nationalization conditions.The legislation of Ukraine allows agricultural organizations to use management and move to a corporate form of internal relations. But in practice, the socialized forms of production, labor, and property in the former state and collective farms proved to be very tenacious. The paper emphasizes that the main provisions of agricultural policy and land law should provide for a combination of land use, natural and environmental conditions, their rational operation, which will not harm the components of the biosphere, biogeocenoses and existing ecosystems. This approach will be crucial for the formation of normal social conditions, living conditions, location and operation of infrastructure, recreational areas and other social needs.An organized system of land relations, through the impact on owners and land users, is designed to promote the formation in the production process of a positive energy balance. Land relations should be organized so that producers are interested in the use of intensive farming methods aimed at increasing the photosynthetic activity of plants (highly efficient varieties, adaptive farming systems, etc.) while reducing the energy intensity of production.In conclusion, it is noted that the essence of land transformations inagrarian changes determines the transition to organic and adaptive farmingsystems, renewable energy sources, biofuels, etc., and aims to make changes in land law and, consequently, in land relations. ; В статье рассмотрена суть земельных трансформаций в аграрных преобразованиях. Исследована история развития земельных отношений и проанализированы условия, определяющие их формирования и функционирования. Отмечено, что суть земельных трансформаций в аграрных преобразованиях обусловливает переход к органическим и адаптивным системам земледелия, возобновляемым источникам энергии, биотоплива и т.п., а также нацелена на внесение изменений в земельное право, а соответственно и в земельные отношения. ; У статті розглянуто суть земельних трансформацій в аграрних перетвореннях. Досліджено історію розвитку земельних відносин та проаналізовано умови, що визначають їх формування та функціонування. Зазначено, що суть земельних трансформацій в аграрних перетвореннях обумовлює перехід до органічних й адаптивних систем землеробства, поновлюваних джерел енергії, біопалива й т.п., а також націлена на внесення змін у земельне право, а відповідно і у земельні відносини.

International economic relations of the world cannot develop effectively without their analysis and development of qualitative forecasts. It is noted that one of the main functions of management is the function of forecasting, which comes directly from the nature of the concept of management, as it must solve both current problems and future problems. In general, the forecast in science means a probable, scientifically sound judgment about the future. Political and socio-economic forecasting in the international arena are extremely closely linked, as the social system is interconnected with the political system, moreover, its development and structure depend on the processes of transformation or modernization of the political system. Thus, the development of effective and adequate international social forecasts is impossible without similar work in the international political sphere and vice versa. The problem of determining forecasting methods in the system of international economic relations remains debatable. Thus, some researchers include expert methods, methods of extrapolation andmodeling. Another group of scientists divides forecasting methods into general scientific and partial scientific. In our opinion, the most optimal is the selection of a general scientific group of forecasting methods, whichconsists of analysis, synthesis, extrapolation, interpolation, induction, deduction, analogy, hypothesis, experimentation, etc. Innovative methods that focus on collective thinking include brainstorming, expert surveys, testing, and the Delphi method. A key factor in effective socio-economic forecasting in the international arena is the availability of highly professional specialists and institutions capable of developing and presenting forecasts. Methods of content analysis and event analysis are analyzed. When using the method of content analysis, attention is paid to the most commonly used words that define the main idea and concept of the document, which allows us to conclude about its functional orientation. The method of event analysis is based on the observation of the dynamics of events in the international arena in order to determine the main trends in the political situation in individual countries. It is substantiated that the use of these methods of analysis and forecasting will allow to respond more adequately to the latest challenges, will contribute to the development of alternative options for reforming strategic areas of the political and socio-economic system. ; В статье рассмотрены методологические аспекты анализа и прогнозирования в системе международных экономических отношений. Отмечено, что чем выше и детальнее уровень разработки прогнозов и их качество, чем достовернее и эффективнее они, тем результативнее является планирование и управление международным экономическим развитием общества. Проанализированы методы контент-анализа и ивент-анализа. ; У статті розглянуто методологічні аспекти аналізу та прогнозування в системі міжнародних економічних відносин. Зазначено, що чим вищий і детальніший рівень розробки прогнозів та їх якість, чим достовірнішими та ефективнішими вони є, тим результативнішим є планування та управління міжнародним економічним розвитком суспільства. Проаналізовано методи контент-аналізу та івент-аналізу.

The article considers current trends in the international transfer of innovative technologies. It has been proven that at the international level, multinational companies are stimulators of immigration processes, distributors of the latest information technologies. They are the core of global innovation, which determines the pace and direction of development of the world market. Today, in the global innovation market, multinational corporations operate in a dynamic, aggressive and multifaceted competitive environment. It is important to note that scientists distinguish three fundamental models of innovation systems, both at the enterprise level and at the state level: American, European and Asian.Unlike multinational companies in the United States and the European Union, Japanese multinational companies are characterized by gradual integration into the country where their foreign research laboratories are located in order to gradually prepare for production in the host country.Moreover, any preliminary stages are only a preparation for future production. Transnational companies in the United States and the European Union are characterized by the gradual transformation of research laboratories from fully dependent (relative to the parent company) to relatively independent laboratories, which only rely on the parent laboratory for some innovative product orders.The above differences in the characteristics of innovation developmentmodels in the United States, Europe and Asia indicate the unique competitiveadvantages of multinational companies.It has been established that the sphere of innovation is increasingly attracting the attention of multinational companies, as it has the most important competitive advantage, which has long-term consequences for markets and countries around the world. It is noted that the formulated strategy of innovation can shape the technological policy of a multinational company in accordance with the market position and objectives of its development. In fact, the technology policy of a multinational company is determined by many factors, and its implementation involves the interaction of participants with different and sometimes even opposing interests. ; В статье рассмотрены современные тенденции международного трансфера инновационных технологий. Доказано, что на международном уровне транснациональные компании являются стимуляторами иммиграционных процессов, дистрибьюторами новейших информационных технологий. Они являются стержнем глобальных инноваций, определяют темпы и направления развития мирового рынка. При этом важно отметить, что ученые выделяют три фундаментальные модели инновационных систем как на уровне предприятий, так и на уровне государств: американскую, европейскую и азиатскую. ; У статті розглянуто сучасні тенденції міжнародного трансферу інноваційних технологій. Доведено, що на міжнародному рівні транснаціональні компанії є стимуляторами імміграційних процесів, дистриб'юторами новітніх інформаційних технологій. Вони є стрижнем глобальних інновацій, що визначає темпи та напрямки розвитку світового ринку. При цьому важливо зазначити, що науковці виділяють три фундаментальні моделі інноваційних систем як на рівні підприємств, так і на рівні держав: американську, європейську та азійську.