Suchergebnisse

Most organisations have neither clear security objectives nor a
serious, integrated approach to security. This may leave them either
under protected, or at the prey of security equipment and service
organisations who may either seek their own ends, or may attack only a
part of the problem. A number of examples of inefficient security
systems are outlined and a five‐step process towards an integrated
security system solution is given.

Cross-sectional analysis of government expenditures, 1982; vulnerability of defense expenditure to cutbacks and increases; multiple regression analysis for 12 Asian countries, 1967-82.

This article attempts to determine the extent to which domestic economic conditions have influenced le vels of defence expenditure in five ASEAN countries since the early 1960s. Whilst aspects of data qua lity preclude a precise conclusion, it seems that domestic economic forces do exert at least a moderate influence on defence expenditure. Defence expenditure in the current year was positively related to de fence expenditure in the previous year, and to the government's budgetary position in that year. The ba lance of payments position exerted a strong indirect influence through its effect on government revenue. Given its personnel component, defence expenditure appears less prone to cutbacks than some other government expenditure categories in the face of overall government expenditure reductions.

Extent to which domestic economic conditions have influenced defense expenditure in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand since the early 1960s.

This dynamic Companion brings together esteemed academics from across the globe to provide ten distinct approaches to peacebuilding in Africa. With a timely and forward-thinking approach to war and conflict, the book focuses on the utilisation of traditional African dialogue in contemporary peacebuilding, developing infrastructures, and education for peace with a transformative agenda. The Elgar Companion to War, Conflict and Peacebuilding in Africa connects strongly with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 and the aspirations of the African Union in its Agenda 2063. Chapters explore how to develop nonviolent action in civil society, bad governance and political competition as causes of violence, implementing basic income grants as a means to reduce violence, and alternatives to African militaries. Ultimately, this Companion recognises that the task of violence prevention is not the responsibility of governments alone, and that governments must work to positively utilise the capacities and commitments of civil society and local communities.

Trade patterns of 19 political entities of the South Pacific are dominated by the extra-regional export of a limited range of primary products and the import of a wide range of manufactured goods, capital equipment and foodstuffs. Taken as a whole, the region consistently records large deficits in commodity trade which is offset to a considerable degree by heavy inflow of foreign aid. One important aspect of these foreign trade deficits, the heavy dependency of these nations on imported foodstuffs, is explored. (DÜI-Sen)