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World Affairs Online
World Affairs Online
International institutions for nuclear energy: Issues of assessment and design
In: Rand Paper, P-5953
World Affairs Online
Nuclear responsibility and nuclear trade: International rules and institutions to manage nuclear fuel cycles
In: Rand Paper, P-5792
World Affairs Online
U.S. participation in the relief of international disasters: Issues for a proposed task force
In: Rand Paper, P-5662
World Affairs Online
Chinese Nuclear Doctrine: The Decade Prior to Weapons Development (1945–1955)
In: The China quarterly, Band 21, S. 87-95
ISSN: 1468-2648
China's nuclear detonation at Lop Nor has dramatised the last decade of advancement in Chinese Communist strategic thinking and weapons production: use of Uranium-235 suggests the availability of a uranium hexafluoride gaseous diffusion plant, aside from the plutonium-producing reactors already identified, and suggests the imminence of a Communist Chinese H-Bomb. The recent evidence of Chinese nuclear competence and speculation regarding the development of modern delivery systems underscore advances in strategic thought over the last decade. It is perhaps less obvious that the intellectual genesis of current weapons developments dates from the first decade of the nuclear era, when Chinese Communist leaders attempted to reconcile their concepts of nuclear warfare with Maoist revolutionary doctrines. Although public pronouncements between 1945 and 1955 emphasised the conservatism of Communist Chinese military strategy, they hinted at strategic innovations—regarding "tactical" nuclear and thermonuclear weapons—which may help to explain the priority, sacrifice and direction of China's weapons programme in more recent years.
Improving the means for intergovernmental communications in crisis: Supported by a grant from the Ford Foundation
In: Rand Report, R-3157-FF
In: Rand Library Collection + A Series in International Security and Arms Control
World Affairs Online
Improving the means for intergovernmental communications in crisis
In: Survival: global politics and strategy, Band 26, Heft 5, S. 200-214
ISSN: 1468-2699
Improving the means for intergovernmental communications crisis
In: Survival: global politics and strategy, Band 26, Heft 5, S. 200-214
ISSN: 0039-6338
World Affairs Online
High Consequence Scenarios for North Korean Atmospheric Nuclear Tests with Policy Recommendations for the U.S. Government
The government of North Korea has declared high-altitude EMP-capability to be a "strategic goal" and has also threatened an atmospheric test of a hydrogen bomb. Atmospheric nuclear tests have the potential to cripple satellites and the undersea cable networks critical to communication, and navigation necessary for trans-Pacific trade among the U.S., China, and other nations. When a nuclear warhead is detonated at high altitude, a series of electromagnetic pulses radiate downward within the line of sight of the blast. These pulses can disable equipment with miniature electronics and long conductors. Electric grid controls and transmission systems are especially vulnerable. Intense X-rays and free electrons caused by high-altitude nuclear tests can also disable satellites over large regions of space. After the 1962 Starfish Prime test of EMP effects by the U.S, numerous satellites failed. Based on past missile tests, calculated delivery ranges, EMP coverage areas, and geography, Resilient Societies developed five scenarios for North Korean atmospheric tests. Possible sites for EMP tests include the South Pacific Ocean northeast of French Polynesia, Johnson Atoll southwest of Hawaii, and vicinity of the U.S. territory of Guam. Missile trajectories for all three of these EMP test scenarios overfly populated areas. Missile navigation or nuclear device fuzing errors could place the populations of Japan, Guam, and Hawaii are at risk. All potential EMP test locations could cause disruption to international satellite and undersea cable communications networks. North Korea should not be permitted to conduct an atmospheric nuclear tests since EMP effects on large networks necessary for electric power and international data sharing could have serious worldwide consequences due to the importance of Asia and the Pacific region to the global economy. In the regrettable event that North Korea chooses to conduct atmospheric nuclear tests, U.S. and allied monitoring of EMP effects will be helpful.
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Verification and SALT: the challenge of strategic deception
In: Westview Special Studies in National Security and Defense Policy
World Affairs Online