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In recent years, short-term home rental companies such as Airbnb and Vacation Rentals by Owner (VRBO) have grown in popularity throughout the United States and the world. The lack of regulation of this rapid growth, which stemmed from the legal grey area these rentals fall under, caused some states to adopt specific regulatory policies. These regulatory policies attempt to better monitor this sector, to tax rental earnings, and to reduce perceived negative externalities to this new market. This thesis researches the benefits and costs that short-term rentals (STRs) provide to cities and the regulatory implications on the growing rental market. Using census data along with a STR regulatory index developed by the R Street Institute that measure city-level regulations, this paper presents evidence that city-level regulations of STRs were largely unpredictable. Although no widespread common factors explain regulatory decisions, local sales tax rates, residents' political policy preferences, city population age, and owner-occupied median home values were found to have some influence in explaining variations among cities in short-term rental regulation.

This report is one of 13 task group reports which underpin the work of the European review of the social determinants of health and the health divide. The study was commissioned by the WHO Regional Office for Europe to inform the development of Health 2020. With its distilled lessons this publication is of vital importance for the WHO European Region''s 53 Member States and their efforts to implement the equity goals of Health 2020. It provides a situation analysis of why policies and interventions to address social determinants of health and health inequities succeed or fail. It also discusse

ABSTRACTIn the UK and elsewhere, advances in the design of anaerobic mesophilic digesters have resulted in a trend towards the digestion of thicker sludges. This includes a number of new facilities using 'bolt‐on' technologies such as thermal hydrolysis, pre‐pasteurisation and enzymic hydrolysis. Thermal hydrolysis utilises thickened sludge, and the digester is fed with a high dry‐solids content (typically 12%), thereby intensifying the digestion process and reducing reactor volumes. However, there is limited experience in the design of digester mixing systems for such applications. As the trend continues towards advanced digestion technology, more emphasis will be placed on the basic unit process operation of mixing.This paper describes the design of a gas‐mixing system for thick feed sludges for two full‐scale plants at Mogden and Aberdeen. Mogden is a refurbishment project and Aberdeen is a newly constructed plant.