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Kebijakan desentralisasi di Indonesia belum juga mampu memenuhi harapan akan munculnya pemerintahan demokratis yang membawa kesejahteraan pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengulik masalah yang muncul dalam proses pemaknaan desentralisasi politik saat ini. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus yang mengandalkan data-data sekunder, penelitian ini mencermati dinamika politik desentralisasi di Jawa Tengah. Desentralisasi memang telah berhasil meningkatkan kapasistas birokrasi dalam menyediakan pelayanan publik, namun pengembangan karir birokrat seringkali tergantung pada hubungan personal daripada institusional. Di samping itu, upaya peningkatan efisiensi pelayanan publik pada saat yang sama dikuatkan dengan upaya resentralisasi birokrasi yang membatasi otonomi birokrasi.

Social capital is a result of social movement and vice versa. Social movement's theories such as the mobilization of resource model tries to explain the anatomy of collective action in the context of liberal political system in the West. These theories can be used to dechiper collective action in general but may be not enough to explain rural social action in Indonesia which under transitional democracy political regime. In present rural Indonesia, social movement participated by "weak" groups of peasants break out most frequently. These peasents movements are against local governments or enterprises who distupt citizens' rights. The civic protest against semen enterprise in Maitan Village in Pati District is the case in point. The social networks created thecollective action. However, the horizontal networks among protesters themselves cannot be succesful without the help of vertical network such as support that they may have received from high-ranking officials in the local government bureaucracy.

This research aims to explore the role of community mobilisation in Surakarta's culture-led urban regeneration process by analysing the case of the Pasar Gede area. This research argues that the generation and use of cultural resources in urban regeneration lie in community mobilisation and institutional support, rather than in a state-led cultural flagship approach. In this way, local government needs to move beyond the instrumentalism of urban cultural strategies and to rediscover the spaces where local cultural activities and mobilization capacities are attached. Only through understanding the relationship between place and community mobilization will a benefit for the revitalization of a unique and historical urban area be generated.

Local government leaders with good vision would have strong powers and new incentives for policyinnovation. In Surakarta local leaders have been playing crucial role in shaping new direction for urbandevelopment. In the name of political inclusion, they ask community groups as well business groups to involve inthe policy process. Based on a case study in Surakarta city, this report argues that the active role of localgovernment can be attributed as the broad explanation for the Surakarta city's performance in urbandevelopment. This study's findings suggest that government leadership is an important policy determinant that canshape the interests of the community and business. Vision "Solo Past is Solo Future" has been the rallying point ofthe local economic development. This vision has been able to be used to create cultural activities that has beendeterminant in bridging the interests of the society as a whole.

Golkar as the dominance party in Tanah Datar is an interesting case study for Islamic values area in their customs. This shows the weak political flow in Tanah Datar. The political dominance of Golkar has occurred since the New Order era until the collapse of the new order power that showed by the winner of regional head elections (Bupati), Golkar in DPRD and the power of the Golkar Party. This study used qualitative descriptive through in-depth interviews with selected informants through purposive sampling. The results indicate that the patron client relationship occurs between the Golkar Party cadres and the supporting community. This is indicated by a very wide and structured Golkar Party network starting from the Regent, adat institutions, religious leaders, businessmen, cultural figures and Wali Nagari.