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Preface and Acknowledgements Foreword Introduction: Equilibrium and Evolution 1. Alfred Marshall's Economic Biology Mecca and Mechanical Analogies 2. Equilibrium Economics after Marshall 3. Keynes' Marshallian Heritage and the Walrasian Eclipse 4. Equilibrium Growth and Cumulative Sausation 5. The Revitalisation of Marshall's Industrial Economics 6. Themes in Evolutionary Economics 7. Marshall, Evolutionary Economics and Post-Keynesian Theory Conclusions Notes Bibliography

Alfred Marshall and Modern Economics re-examines Marshall's legacy and relevance to modern economic analysis with the more settled conventional wisdom concerning evolutionary processes allowing advances in economic theorising which were not possible in Marshall's life time.

PurposeAn accessible resource on the role of teachers in perpetuating inequality through Prevent Duty, with guidance on how to change teaching practice to empower Muslim students.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses critical race theory (CRT) to interrogate power and Whiteness in the interaction of teachers and students when complying with Prevent Duty and delivering lessons on fundamental British values. This is illustrated through a constructed narrative between three characters in a London school, and offers a Freirean approach to empowering students through Prevent delivery.FindingsA disproportionately White profession is acting in what they perceive to be the best interest of their students, while failing to interrogate their own position of power and not creating opportunities to be guided by Muslim voices. As a consequence Muslim students continue to be oppressed.Practical implicationsTeachers can disrupt Prevent Duty while complying with its legal obligations by interrogating their own position of Whiteness. They can work with students to ensure Muslim voices lead discussion around Prevent and the inequality in society that is being reproduced by Prevent Duty.Social implicationsThere is potential for good teaching practice to overcome the structural racism and continued inequality experienced by diverse Muslim communities.Originality/valueThe paper is an accessible application of CRT to Prevent Duty, a resource for teachers, students and activists. It can help in the recognition of the potential for even well-meaning teachers to act in ways that perpetuate inequalities. It provides a clear set of suggestions for teaching practices that can overcome this.

This Thesis examines the nature and intended role of Marshall's 'economic biology', and its relationship with his equilibrium theory. This examination is developed in the context of criticisms of modem equilibrium analysis and recent developments in evolutionary economics. Marshall's attraction to the 'speculations of biology' is linked to his journey from mathematics, philosophy and psychology to political economy, and an understanding of his perspective on economic methodology requires an appreciation of the development of his thinking in this setting. The ambiguities and recurrent qualifications found in Marshall's Principles are shown to emerge as a result of the struggle to reconcile equilibrium and evolutionary modes of thinking. The nature of Marshall's difficulties is also shown to have been fundamentally misunderstood and misrepresented by his followers and critics in the Marshallian costs controversies of the 1920s. and in much of the subsequent literature that considers Marshall's legacy. While Marshall is most often recognised as a leading pioneering equilibrium economist, it is shown that his published work instead pointed towards analysis that now forms the core of the contemporary cumulative causation and evolutionary economics literature. Importantly, an examination of the equilibrium approaches that have dominated mainstream economics subsequent to the debates of the 1920s reveals similar limitations to those that Marshall had struggled to overcome. It is argued that a 'resolution' to the conceptual and methodological conundrums that Marshall sought to resolve is best addressed through the adoption of Post Keynesian theory nested within modem evolutionary economics. Following this approach, theories of value and of growth and development can be re-united in a manner that fulfils Marshall's stated ambition and intuition.

AbstractThe framework used to test the hypothesis of forward income tax shifting is based on a simple mark‐up pricing model and follows the methodology of Beath (1979). In this framework indications of forward tax shifting are inferred if the gross mark‐up varies in order to achieve a targeted net of tax mark‐up. Empirical results derived support the hypothesis and suggest significant forward corporate income tax shifting in Australian manufacturing companies over the data period 1968 to 1990.