Suchergebnisse

Change is inevitable in all communities: they both grow and decline. Planning is a means by which we have sought to manage this change. It has not always succeeded in providing the types of settlements and environments which many residents and others want, either because it is operating with the wrong policies or because it is failing to ensure that the right policies are effectively implemented. These failings have opened planning to criticism by a dominant neoliberal orthodoxy which shapes an increasingly difficult environment in which planning has to operate. Planning for Small Town Change builds on an underexploited selection of international research and the authors' English case studies to consider the efficacy of planning for change. Drawing on insightful small town experiences, three themes emerge: understanding and conceptualising change; appreciating the potential within place; and the mechanisms for planning and delivery. The research draws on many examples of how key actors have made a significant difference to specific places and provides important insights into how the planning process can be better matched to the long-term and complex challenges faced. Whilst small town experiences are often neglected, they are found to be particularly insightful in understanding the potential roles of local communities and the importance of place quality when planning for change. Book jacket.

1. Time, eternity and the arts / Richard Bauckham -- 2. Patterns of hope and images of eternity : listening to Shakespeare, Blake and T.S. Eliot / Paul S. Fiddes -- 3. Space and time : eschatological dimensions of Christian architecture / A.N. Williams -- 4. Echoes of hope in Monteverdi's L'Orfeo and Beethoven's Fidelio / Daniel K.L. Chua -- 5. Brave new world? Faith, hope and the political imagination / Kristen Deede Johnson -- 6. The unique psychology of hope / Patricia Bruininks -- 7. The challenge of a 'hopeless' God : negotiating José Sanramago's novel The Gospel according to Jesus Christ / Bruce W. Longenecker -- 8. Hoping against hope : Morrissey and the light that never goes out / Gavin Hopps -- 9. Unexpected endings : eucatastrophic consolations in literature and theology / Trevor Hart.

This paper examines the impact of Objective 1 funding in Europe in reducing country and regional disparities in gross value added per capita by presenting a critical review of both empirical studies and end-of-term programme reports. In practice, it is very difficult to establish impact effects because it is hard to establish the counterfactual. This difficulty arises as a consequence of different theoretical predictions as to what would happen in the absence of intervention, overlapping funding streams, and the regional impact of other policies such as European integration. There are also evaluation problems caused by data inadequacies and noise. Even so, the balance of evidence suggests that Objective 1 funding has had remarkably little demonstrable impact and there is, therefore, a strong case for reform.

To become more proactive in their acquisition of the archives of Victorian business, the University of Melbourne Archives adapted a methodology pioneered by the Minnesota Historical Society. This enabled them to establish criteria to identify industrial sectors, and target  specific  companies  within  them,  which  match  the  strengths of the Victorian economy; and to determine the type of records required to adequately document both company and sector.

IntroductionIdentifying appropriate pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) candidates is a challenge in planning for the safe and effective roll‐out of this strategy. We explored the use of a validated HIV risk screening tool, HIV Incidence Risk Index for Men who have Sex with Men (HIRI‐MSM), to identify "optimal" candidates among MSM testing at a busy sexual health clinic's community testing sites in Toronto, Canada.MethodsBetween November 2014 and April 2015, we surveyed MSM undergoing anonymous HIV testing at community testing sites in Toronto, Canada, to quantify "optimal" candidates for scaling up PrEP roll‐out, defined as being at high objective HIV risk (scoring ≥10 on the HIRI‐MSM), perceiving oneself at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk and being willing to use PrEP. Cascades were constructed to identify barriers to broader PrEP uptake. The association between HIRI‐MSM score and both willingness to use PrEP and perceived HIV risk were explored in separate multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf 420 respondents, 64.4% were objectively at high risk, 52.5% were willing to use PrEP and 27.2% perceived themselves at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk. Only 16.4% were "optimal" candidates. Higher HIRI‐MSM scores were positively associated with both willingness to use PrEP (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.3–2.2) and moderate‐to‐high perceived HIV risk (aOR=1.7 per 10 score increase, 95%CI=1.2–2.3). The proportion of men who were "optimal" candidates increased to 42.9% when the objective HIV risk cut‐off was changed to top quartile of HIRI‐MSM scores (≥26). In our full cascade, a very low proportion (5.3%) of MSM surveyed could potentially benefit from PrEP under current conditions. The greatest barrier in the cascade was low perception of HIV risk among high‐risk men, but considerable numbers were also lost in downstream cascade steps. Of men at high objective HIV risk, 68.3% did not perceive themselves to be at moderate‐to‐high HIV risk, 23.6% were unaware of PrEP, 40.1% were not willing to use PrEP, 47.6% lacked a family physician with whom they felt comfortable discussing sexual health, and 31.6% had no means to cover the cost of PrEP.ConclusionsA higher HIRI‐MSM cut‐off may be helpful for identifying candidates for PrEP scale‐up. Improving engagement in the PrEP cascade will require interventions to simultaneously address multiple barriers.