Suchergebnisse

Foreword / Senator Nick Xenophon -- Acknowledgements -- Background -- Lessons from initiatives in problem gambling treatment and research -- Fear and loathing in Las Vegas now : a wider perspective on the gambling world -- Capital and craving : market capitalism and the burgeoning gambling industry -- The complex phenomenon of disordered gambling -- The life impact of problem gambling : an individual case study of recovery -- Assessing the prevalence of problematic gambling -- Service developments in the treatment of gambling disorder -- Harm creation and mitigation : the emerging business of gambling addiction -- Historical context of a state-wide gambling therapy service -- Naltrexone in the treatment of gambling disorders -- Gambling in aboriginal communities -- The rural context -- Efficacy of cognitive and exposure therapy in the treatment of gambling disorder -- Modelling longitudinal outcomes of a treatment program -- Adapting self-management principles in relapse prevention in gambling -- On-line gambling and the emergence of new consumers of gambling products -- Fiddling while Rome burns -- The 2014 European association for the study of gambling conference -- Index.

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It is widely recognized that the key practice of Theravada Buddhism is the 'Noble Eightfold Path' (ariya atthangika magga). While this is sometimes loosely seen as encompassing all Theravada Buddhist practices, the developed tradition, as expressed in the Pali commentaries, sees it as a momentary state, the culmination of prior practice, that glimpses the transcendent Nibbana and is immediately followed by the attainment of 'fruit' consciousnesses that signifies becoming a stream-enterer, once-returner, non-returner or Arahat. In the Pali Suttas, however, the noble path can be seen to be a specific kind of calm and open mind state that is a skilful, eight-factored method. Once it arises it is certain to bring stream-entry, and its seeing of Nibbana, later in the present life, but for this it needs to be developed to full strength, which usually takes some period of time, as a person intently works to directly see the unconditioned.

The global environmental sanitation crisis cannot be denied: well over a century after the sanitary revolution in 19th century Europe, 40% of the world's population still lacks access to improved sanitation. Important lessons from the past must be applied today if the crisis is to be averted. Sanitation has suffered from a lack of prioritization for as long as it has remained the poor relation to water supply. The International Year of Sanitation 2008 provides an opportunity to separate the two and give sanitation the emphasis it requires. The economic argument for sanitation must be articulated and non-health incentives for improved sanitation exploited. Environmental sanitation results in a multitude of socio-economic benefits and can contribute positively to all the Millennium Development Goals. Community-led bottom-up approaches, rather than supply-led or technology-driven approaches, are most effective in increasing and sustaining access to sanitation but need to be implemented at scale. Targeted strategies for urban and school sanitation are also required. Evidence-based advocacy can help develop the political will that is now needed to ensure sufficient public sector investment, leadership, legislation and regulation to ensure that the fundamental human right of access to sanitation is realized.

The links between access to safe water and poverty alleviation are multifaceted, but can be realized only if water supplies are sustained. Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) have been developed by many low-income countries in conjunction with the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, and describe each country's macroeconomic, structural and social policies and programmes to promote growth and reduce poverty. An analysis of PRSPs in sub-Saharan Africa revealed insufficient attention to water and rural development and identified three common themes in the pursuit of reduced poverty: trade liberalization, decentralization and privatization; each of which poses opportunities, but also considerable threats, to the development of sustainable rural water services. An additional theme is that of community management of water services, which is prescribed by many PRSPs and related national sectoral strategies, yet has failed to deliver satisfactory levels of sustainability. PRSPs are designed to promote growth and reduce poverty, yet many of their essential ingredients threaten to reduce the sustainability of rural water services and thus hinder rather than promote development and poverty alleviation in rural Africa.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- A Guiding Principle -- Chapter 2 -- Introduction -- Chapter 3 -- The Australian Health Care System: An Update -- Chapter 4 -- A Personal Nexus -- Chapter 5 -- The Politics of Distribution -- Chapter 6 -- Public Health and Relativity -- Chapter 7 -- Country Dancing and City Dealing -- Chapter 8 -- Self-Reliance: Freedom and Independence -- Chapter 9 -- Indigenous Displacement -- Chapter 10 -- Buying Back the Farm -- Chapter 11 -- The Middle-Class Phenomenon -- What Is Different Now? -- Chapter 12 -- Education and the Road to Equity -- Chapter 13 -- The Rural Psyche and a Failure to Thrive -- Anecdote (April 2016) -- From Rural Independence to Working for the Man…the Impact of Dispossession -- Chapter 14 -- Brain Drain -- Chapter 15 -- Cities and the Future of Farming -- Chapter 16 -- Keep on Rockin' in the Free World -- Chapter 17 -- Vision for a Decentralized Economy -- Chapter 18 -- Parallel Universes Sans Worm Hole -- Chapter 19 -- Looking Forward -- Key Health-Related Questions for Australia's Future… -- Appendix -- References -- About the Author -- Index -- Blank Page.

This is a conference paper. ; As per capita costs of rural water supply escalate, and donor funding cannot keep pace, it will be necessary to look at alternative solutions to achieve universal access in sub-Saharan Africa. Leveraging funds from new sources and minimising costs to government may help to avoid a slow-down in progress to 2030. Results from UNICEF-funded reviews of Accelerated Self-supply in Zambia and Zimbabwe suggest Self-supply is an essential strategy to achieve universal access, especially in remote areas with low population density where many of the remaining unserved reside. Government must adopt complementary or hybrid strategies, incorporating Community Water Supply and Self-supply, if the SDG target of universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water is to be met. Including self-financing in rural water supply strategies will require development of new affordable standards for smaller communities, but could save the two governments almost $400,000,000, cutting the necessary budget by 35-40%.

This is a conference paper. ; Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) was introduced in Choma district in Zambia in late 2007. In twelve months sanitation coverage has increased from 38% to 93% across 517 villages, 402 of which are open defecation free. Over 14,500 toilets have been constructed by households with zero hardware subsidy and approximately 90,000 people have gained access to sanitation in less than a year. It is estimated that 88% of toilets met the Government's definition of 'adequate' sanitation and 76% had handwashing facilities. If the approach is expanded to the remaining 300 villages in the district it is almost certain that the MDG sanitation target will be surpassed at district level more than five years ahead of time. The approach has accelerated access to sanitation far faster than subsidized sanitation approaches of the past and has enabled communities to recognize that they can develop without 'handouts'; this has led to community led initiatives in other areas of development.

This is a conference paper. ; Decentralization is the cornerstone of local delivery of basic services such as water, sanitation and hygiene education in Zambia. Given the range of skills required to deliver these services in an integrated way, there is a strong need for multisectoralism at national and local levels. Currently, interministerial competition and conflicting priorities hinder the realization of this multisectoralism and threaten the effectiveness of decentralized service delivery. In particular, the deconcentrated nature of line ministries conflicts with the need for intersectoral cooperation within decentralized local authorities. Unless there is strong political will and direction from presidential level then decentralization will never be truly realized and may actually hinder the effective delivery of water and sanitation services. If this is the case then decentralization is simply rhetoric and a return to centralization may be necessary in order to ensure that the rural poor attain their basic human rights.

This is a conference paper. ; The integrated, inter-sectoral approach to rural water supply and sanitation provision adopted under Zambia's Water, Sanitation and Health/Hygiene Education (WASHE) strategy has had limited success in delivering sustainable services. Given this context, the Government of the Republic of Zambia has recently proposed a new institutional structure and strategy under the National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme. While the new strategy has significant potential for better planning, implementation and performance monitoring, it is heavily dependent on effective decentralisation, which is moving very slowly. It also threatens to undo the positive gains established by a widespread understanding of the need for an interdisciplinary approach to water, sanitation and hygiene provision.