Suchergebnisse

This study aims at assessing and analyzing the Jordanian-Israeli peace agreement of 1994, and the parties' subsequent relationship as well as their compliance mainly from a Jordanian perspective. This study argues that although both parties have been highly motivated to forge peaceful and functional relations, developments within the regional context of the Arab-Israeli conflict particularly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict have been playing a detrimental role in shaping the pace and nature of the Jordanian-Israeli ties since signing their peace treaty in 1994. Moreover, although a comprehensive Arab-Israeli settlement has not been achieved yet, both Jordan and Israel continued to show their commitment to the peace treaty and that a mixture of up and downs has been characterising the order of Jordanian-Israeli relations. The major bulk of this study is a discussion to the peace treaty of 1994, Jordanian and Israeli motivations and subsequent relations in between as well as their compliance to peace. This study has concluded that although Jordan and Israel have been highly motivated to forge peaceful and functional relations, developments within the regional context of the Arab-Israeli conflict particularly the Israeli-Palestinian one, have been playing a detrimental role in shaping the pace and nature of the Jordanian-Israeli ties since signing their peace treaty in 1994. Since 1995 the lack of peace on the Israeli-Palestinian track and mutual violence have negatively impacted on Amman's relations with Tel Aviv. Therefore, although peace is relatively working between Israel and Jordan, a comprehensive settlement for the larger Arab-Israeli conflict particularly the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, would positively impact on the pace of the ties between Jordan and Israel.

This article explores moderate and eclectic traditionalism beyond Kiai Haji Muhammad Hashim Ash'ari's contribution in the shariah and Islamic jurisprudence of social politic (Fiqh al-Siyâsah al-Ijtimâ'iyah) in Indonesia. It is conceptual research referring to some of his works as well as discussion about his thought among Islamic scholars. Based on definition of moderation from the Qur'an, hadith, and some scholars' opinion, Hashim can be best categorized as Islamic traditionalist figure who enforced both moderation and eclecticism. However, he maintained distinctive features compared to both traditionalist and modernist Islamic figures. It is mainly clear from both his thought and movement which rely on the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah in theology, four fiqh school leaders (Hanafiyah, Malikiyah, Syafi'iyah dan Hambaliyah), and thariqah sufiyah mu'tabarah. Additionally, he showed appreciation and promoted for adaptation to both local and foreign idea that later inspired distinctive religiosity in Indonesia. This particularly applies in the concept of relation between Islamic law and nationalism, jihad, political fiqh and governmental system in Islam.
تستكشف هذه الورقة الوسطية التقليدية والانتقائية التي ساهمها كياهي حاجي محمد هاشم الأشعري في الشريعة الإسلامية وفقه السياسة الاجتماعية. إنه بحث مفاهيمي يشير إلى بعض أعماله وكذلك مناقشة حول أفكاره كعلماء المسلمين. بناءً على تعريف الوسطية من القرآن والحديث وبعض آراء العلماء، يمكن تصنيف هاشم بشكل أفضل على أنه الشخصية الإسلامية التقليدية التي فرضت الوسطية والانتقائية. ومع ذلك، فقد حافظ على سمات مميزة مقارنة بكل من الشخصيات الإسلامية التقليدية والحداثية. يتضح بشكل أساسي من فكره وحركته اللذين يعتمدان على أهل السنة والجماعة في العقيدة، قادة المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة (حنفية، المالكية، الشافعية والحبلية) والطريقة الصوفية المعتبرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهر التقدير والترويج للتكيف مع الأفكار المحلية والأجنبية التي ألهمت لاحقًا التدين المميز في إندونيسيا. وهذا ينطبق بشكل خاص على مفهوم العلاقة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والوطنية والجهاد وفقه السياسية والنظام الحكومي في الإسلام.

This article explores moderate and eclectic traditionalism beyond Kiai Haji Muhammad Hashim Ash'ari's contribution in the shariah and Islamic jurisprudence of social politic (Fiqh al-Siyâsah al-Ijtimâ'iyah) in Indonesia. It is conceptual research referring to some of his works as well as discussion about his thought among Islamic scholars. Based on definition of moderation from the Qur'an, hadith, and some scholars' opinion, Hashim can be best categorized as Islamic traditionalist figure who enforced both moderation and eclecticism. However, he maintained distinctive features compared to both traditionalist and modernist Islamic figures. It is mainly clear from both his thought and movement which rely on the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah in theology, four fiqh school leaders (Hanafiyah, Malikiyah, Syafi'iyah dan Hambaliyah), and thariqah sufiyah mu'tabarah. Additionally, he showed appreciation and promoted for adaptation to both local and foreign idea that later inspired distinctive religiosity in Indonesia. This particularly applies in the concept of relation between Islamic law and nationalism, jihad, political fiqh and governmental system in Islam. تستكشف هذه الورقة الوسطية التقليدية والانتقائية التي ساهمها كياهي حاجي محمد هاشم الأشعري في الشريعة الإسلامية وفقه السياسة الاجتماعية. إنه بحث مفاهيمي يشير إلى بعض أعماله وكذلك مناقشة حول أفكاره كعلماء المسلمين. بناءً على تعريف الوسطية من القرآن والحديث وبعض آراء العلماء، يمكن تصنيف هاشم بشكل أفضل على أنه الشخصية الإسلامية التقليدية التي فرضت الوسطية والانتقائية. ومع ذلك، فقد حافظ على سمات مميزة مقارنة بكل من الشخصيات الإسلامية التقليدية والحداثية. يتضح بشكل أساسي من فكره وحركته اللذين يعتمدان على أهل السنة والجماعة في العقيدة، قادة المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة (حنفية، المالكية، الشافعية والحبلية) والطريقة الصوفية المعتبرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أظهر التقدير والترويج للتكيف مع الأفكار المحلية والأجنبية التي ألهمت لاحقًا التدين المميز في إندونيسيا. وهذا ينطبق بشكل خاص على مفهوم العلاقة بين الشريعة الإسلامية والوطنية والجهاد وفقه السياسية والنظام الحكومي في الإسلام.

Islamic boarding schools are religious institutions that not only teach religious problems to santri, but also relate to the role of porndok pesantren on community empowerment. Islamic boarding schools also have a role in national politics. In this context the role of the pesantren in dialogue and contextualizing Islamic teachings is not rigid and black and white. But Islamic boarding schools are able to display the teachings of Islam that are harmonious, peaceful, tolerant, and not radical. Islamic understanding initiated by Islamic boarding schools is far from the values of radical doctrines, or easy doctrine to state 'heresy' to other groups. This becomes the view and value championed by the pesantren community including the role of the Kiai (Islamic clergy) in developing modern and global life.

Islamic boarding schools are religious institutions that not only teach religious problems to santri, but also relate to the role of porndok pesantren on community empowerment. Islamic boarding schools also have a role in national politics. In this context the role of the pesantren in dialogue and contextualizing Islamic teachings is not rigid and black and white. But Islamic boarding schools are able to display the teachings of Islam that are harmonious, peaceful, tolerant, and not radical. Islamic understanding initiated by Islamic boarding schools is far from the values of radical doctrines, or easy doctrine to state 'heresy' to other groups. This becomes the view and value championed by the pesantren community including the role of the Kiai (Islamic clergy) in developing modern and global life.

Bangladesh has succeeded in achieving Millennium Development Goal (MDG) set by United Nations Development Program (UNDP), where Readymade Garment (RMG) sector has played an active role. As the highest contributor in export and formal sector employment RMG sector can claim its position at the top in, out of eight goals of millennium development, eradicating extreme poverty, achieving universal primary education, ensuring gender equality and women empowerment. Bangladesh is moving from least developed country to middle-income country. Bangladesh is on its way to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) set UNDP, where 17 areas have been targeted to fulfill. The government of Bangladesh has declared its vision 2021 and BGMEA, (Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association) apex body of the industry has set a target of $ 50 ml export within that timeframe. To fulfill all those targets RMG has to play an important role. Though Bangladesh is in the second position regarding value, after China, in global apparel export, yet the difference between first and second is huge. Bangladesh's RMG sector is far behind in efficiency and productivity levels compared to its competing countries. Bangladesh's RMG is still highly dependent on low waged machine operators mainly females. The government has been working toward digitalization, and the sector is accommodating technology as without enhancement of a comparative and competitive advantage of this very sector, RMG, it is not possible to achieve the dreams of the apex body as well as of the government. Digitization of wage can help to ensure transparency, loss of working hours, implement compliance and women empowerment.

The existence of public relation management has a specific purpose. From some objectives of public relation, there are three points that are prioritized by the Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan in the management of public relation: first, public relation purposes to improve the quality of education. Second, the purpose of public relation is to improve the image of the college. Third, it aims for communication which is an information management and strategy in college contestation especially in Bangkalan. So the problem in this study are: the first, how are the existence, purpose and function of public relation at Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan concerning the planning of movement, organizing, and supervision? Second, How the public relation strategy in Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan to improve the quality of education? Third, how does public relation strategy improve the image of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan? Fourth, how is the contestation strategy run using public relation Management at the College of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan? This research uses a qualitative-descriptive research methodology, which attempts to describe and interpret objects according to their nature. While the research findings are first, the existence of public relation in Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan is integrated in each organizations of student organizations, study program, the institutes on the campus and the vice chief that are responsible to the Chief of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. While its objectives and functions are: first, to improve the education quality of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan, second, to improve the positive image of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Third, to increase the power of contestation in the competition colleges in Bangkalan. Fourth, to deliver information and communication to stakeholders of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. First, to identify and analyze the opinions of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Second, the public relation strategy that is done to increase the quality of education was twofold: first internal education quality improvement of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Secondly, the improvement of the quality of external education of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Third, the role of public relation is done in Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan to improve the image, namely, first, through the development of educational programs, to make more instensive Arabic and yellow bible study curriculum that is integrated in the campus. Second, by working with third-part of campus, such as formal and informal institutions, mosques, prosecutors, courts, Bangkalan district government, news media, the school, and so on. Fourth, the strategy of contestation using Public Relation Management at Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan are, first, modal social of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan, it is a college which is based Islamic boarding school with a big name of Syaichona Moh. Cholil. Second, the strategy of improving the quality of educational services for students. Third, the cooperation strategy with some organizations of the government or non-government. Fourth, doing public communication activities through the press, media, posters, leflets, and means of digital communication.

The existence of public relation management has a specific purpose. From some objectives of public relation, there are three points that are prioritized by the Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan in the management of public relation: first, public relation purposes to improve the quality of education. Second, the purpose of public relation is to improve the image of the college. Third, it aims for communication which is an information management and strategy in college contestation especially in Bangkalan. So the problem in this study are: the first, how are the existence, purpose and function of public relation at Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan concerning the planning of movement, organizing, and supervision? Second, How the public relation strategy in Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan to improve the quality of education? Third, how does public relation strategy improve the image of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan? Fourth, how is the contestation strategy run using public relation Management at the College of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan? This research uses a qualitative-descriptive research methodology, which attempts to describe and interpret objects according to their nature. While the research findings are first, the existence of public relation in Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan is integrated in each organizations of student organizations, study program, the institutes on the campus and the vice chief that are responsible to the Chief of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. While its objectives and functions are: first, to improve the education quality of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan, second, to improve the positive image of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Third, to increase the power of contestation in the competition colleges in Bangkalan. Fourth, to deliver information and communication to stakeholders of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. First, to identify and analyze the opinions of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Second, the public relation strategy that is done to increase the quality of education was twofold: first internal education quality improvement of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Secondly, the improvement of the quality of external education of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan. Third, the role of public relation is done in Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan to improve the image, namely, first, through the development of educational programs, to make more instensive Arabic and yellow bible study curriculum that is integrated in the campus. Second, by working with third-part of campus, such as formal and informal institutions, mosques, prosecutors, courts, Bangkalan district government, news media, the school, and so on. Fourth, the strategy of contestation using Public Relation Management at Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan are, first, modal social of Islamic College of Syaichona Moh. Cholil Bangkalan, it is a college which is based Islamic boarding school with a big name of Syaichona Moh. Cholil. Second, the strategy of improving the quality of educational services for students. Third, the cooperation strategy with some organizations of the government or non-government. Fourth, doing public communication activities through the press, media, posters, leflets, and means of digital communication.

Part I -- 1. Contextualizing Ready-Made Garment Work in Bangladesh -- Part II -- 2. The Roots of Local Capitalism: Outlining and Understanding Global Connections -- 3. Tensions and Negotiations in Neoliberalism: Emergence of Garment Kormi as the Model Citizens -- Part III -- 4. Becoming Garment Kormi: Life in the Garment Factory -- 5. Kinship in the Factory: Garment Kormi Living a Life Away from Home -- 6. Negotiating the Public and the Private: Garment Kormi Becoming Joggo -- 7. Dare to Dream: Remaking Everyday Realities -- Part IV -- 8. Paradoxes of Factory Compliance: Auditing, CSR, and 'New' Dispossession -- Part V -- 9. The Multiple Realities of Neoliberalism and Garment Kormi -- 10. Epilogue: During the Pandemic -- Index.

This book portrays the scene where corporate international trade agreements, a new neoliberal state regime, and a growing textile market have contributed to the becoming of a new class of Muslim female workerswho labor in Bangladeshs apparel export factories under conditions of neoliberal capitalism. The garment kormioften abstracted by the homogenizing category of the "garment worker" remain lost in the statistics of development and empowerment or contrarily exploitation. Thereby, focusing on the everyday lives of garment kormi, i.e., workers stories than on the collective of garment workers as a category, this book at one front highlights the neoliberal structures of difference and inequality, and on the other reflects on the potential of egalitarianism and change in terms of novel ways of comprising and expressing life-worlds. It shows that the values in life and the structures that govern life, such as contemporary Bangladeshs neoliberal order, kinship relationality, and religiosity, are co-constitutive, multi-layered, and always on the move, never fixed. Mohammad Tareq Hasan is Assistant Professor in the Department of Anthropology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. .