Suchergebnisse

the historical background -- Duelling scriptures : the political theology of John Locke and the democratization of Muslim societies -- A concise anatomy of secularism : examining its linkages to liberal democracy -- Secularism and its discontents in Muslim societies : indigenizing the separation between religion and state

The Arab Spring of 2011 is widely viewed today as one of the great historical moments of political transformation. Comparisons have been made to the European revolutions of 1848 and the post–cold war democratic transitions in Eastern Europe, while some have spoken of a possible "fourth wave" of democratization. These analogies make sense given that longstanding dictators who seemed impervious to political change, in a region known for persistent authoritarianism, were suddenly toppled by largely nonviolent protesters invoking the universal themes of political freedom, dignity, and social justice. From the outset, however, the Arab Spring was met by a small chorus of criticism and contempt from prominent intellectuals, writers, and politicians.