Suchergebnisse

The relationships between social identities are important when discussing the national and religious identities of Muslims in Western contexts. This study explored the identity narratives of second-generation Muslim young adults to consider the relevance of bicultural identity and acculturation theories commonly employed in research with this group. The sample comprised 20 Muslim young adults of diverse ethnicities and backgrounds from Montreal, Berlin, and Copenhagen who participated in semi-structured interviews that explored how they negotiate their social identities in light of their unique life course trajectories. This article focuses on two major themes underlying second-generation identity development: the importance of personal experience in the development of social identities; and the enmeshment of multiple social identities. We then discuss the results of our findings in light of the complex nature of social identity, group membership, and political categorization.

La construction identitaire est un processus complexe qui se situe au croisement de la dimension synchronique du sujet qui entre en relation dans le présent (affiliation) et de la dimension diachronique qui inscrit le sujet dans une historicité (filiation). Au-delà des relations verticales aux parents et aux grands-parents, l'identité se bâtit également à partir des relations horizontales. Il existe chez les frères et soeurs une identité commune, partagée et, en parallèle, chaque membre de la fratrie tend à se différencier des autres. Or le mouvement migratoire s'accompagne cependant souvent, pour le sujet, d'une rupture des processus de transmission et d'un remaniement des identifications. Nous posons donc les questions suivantes : Comment le processus migratoire vient-il réaménager les liens familiaux et en particulier les liens fraternels? Les liens fraternels peuvent-ils servir de support à la négociation identitaire et à l'intégration du sujet migrant? Si oui, sous quelles formes? Cette recherche porte ainsi sur la construction de l'identité de jeunes adultes immigrants au Québec. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons aux enjeux et aux processus impliqués dans la construction identitaire, en lien avec les relations fraternelles d'une part, et avec le processus migratoire d'autre part. Il s'agit d'une méthodologie qualitative à l'aide de laquelle nous avons conduit des entrevues avec sept adultes (trois entrevues chacun) afin d'explorer avec eux l'évolution de leurs relations familiales et fraternelles ainsi que leur expérience interculturelle. La première phase d'analyse des résultats est achevée et révèle que les frères et soeurs peuvent représenter à la fois une figure de continuité coexistant avec le déracinement provoqué par l'immigration, contribuer à la création de nouveaux liens d'affiliation dans la société d'accueil et participer à la renégociation identitaire du sujet.

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche évaluant le Service de consultation interculturelle (SCI) du Centre jeunesse de Montréal — Institut universitaire pour l'intervention en contexte de diversité culturelle. Les 30 intervenantes interviewées expriment des besoins variés relatifs à leur compréhension du vécu et de la culture des familles et leur relation avec ces dernières, mais aussi quant à l'intervention à effectuer. Le SCI est apprécié lorsqu'il répond à leurs besoins et bonifie leur pratique, mais l'approche réflexive préconisée est parfois source d'insatisfaction, notamment lorsque les intervenantes recherchent des solutions immédiates aux difficultés rencontrées.

This study analyses the roles of collective self-esteem and religiosity in the relationship between discrimination and psychological distress among a sample of 432 recent immigrants from Haiti and Arab countries living in Montreal, Quebec. Collective self-esteem (CSE), religiosity, discriminatory experiences, and psychological symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed. Regression analyses revealed direct negative effects of discrimination, CSE, and religiosity on psychological distress for the entire sample. CSE, however, also appeared to moderate the effects of discrimination on psychological distress. Participants with higher CSE reported lower levels of anxiety and depression as a result of discrimination compared to those who expressed lower CSE levels. The results suggest that the relationship between CSE, discrimination, and psychological distress must be reexamined in light of recent sociopolitical changes and the upsurge in ethnic and religious tensions following the war on terror.

Identity issues have been at the forefront in studies on determinants of youth violent radicalization. Identity uncertainty and identity fusion appear to be associated with quests for meaning, which may find some answers in extremist discourses and radical engagements. This process has been considered to be particularly important for second-generation migrants who have to negotiate multiple identities, sometimes in situations of social adversity. This paper aims to understand the relations between collective identity, social adversity (discrimination and exposure to violence), and sympathy for violent radicalization in College students in Quebec. This mixed-method study consisted of a large online survey conducted at eight colleges in Quebec. Multilevel analysis accounted for the clustered nature of data while generalized additive mixed models were used to study nonlinear relations. Results highlight the complex associations between collective identity and youth sympathy for violent radicalization. They confirm that negative public representations of minority communities may lead to more sympathy for violent radicalization. Although results suggest that strong enough identities can act as protective anchorages for youth, they also indicate that when collective identity becomes too central in personal identity this may accentuate othering processes and legitimize violence toward the out-group. These results have implications for prevention programs. They indicate that improving the public image of minority communities through mainstream media or the social media may increase youth public self-esteem and decrease their sympathy for violent radicalization. They also invite the education field to foster the development of strong plural identities.

This paper discusses results from a pilot study conducted in the spring of 2014 among young adults living in Montreal. The main objective of this study was to assess the relation between perception of the Charter of Quebec Values, 1 self-identification, perception of intercommunity relations, perceived discrimination, and psychological well-being in young students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs of a francophone university in Montreal. A total of 441 students (30.5% male, 69.5% female) took part in a web survey designed by the research team. The data analyses and results suggest that the debate around the Charter of Quebec values was associated with a shift from a predominantly positive perception of intercommunity relations to a predominantly negative one, particularly among women, immigrants, and those who self-identified as cultural or religious minorities. In addition, more than 30% of participants reported having experienced some form of ethnic or religious discrimination since the Charter was released (personally or as a witness). This was particularly the case among immigrants, as well as those who self-identified as bicultural or from cultural or religious minority groups. This study's results thus highlight the exacerbation of intercommunity tensions linked to the public debate around identity and intercommunity relations in Quebec.

Few empirical studies have detailed the specificities of working with interpreters in mental healthcare for children. The integration of interpreters in clinical teams in child mental healthcare was explored in two clinics, in Montreal and Paris. Four focus groups were conducted with interpreters and clinicians. Participants described the development of the working alliance between interpreters and clinicians, the delineation of interpreters' roles, and the effects of translation on the people in the interaction. Integrating interpreters in a clinical team is a slow process in which clinicians and interpreters need to reflect upon a common framework. An effective framework favours trust, mutual understanding, and valorization of the contribution of each to the therapeutic task. The interpreter's presence and activities seem to have some therapeutic value.

Since 2001, attacks attributed to extremist movements or "lone actors" have intensified and spread around the world, prompting governments to invest significant sums of money into preventing violent radicalization. Nonetheless, knowledge regarding best practices for prevention remains disparate, and the effectiveness of current practices is not clearly established. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review on the outcomes of primary and secondary prevention programs in the field of violent radicalization. Of the 11,836 documents generated, 33 studies published between 2009 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion as they comprised an empirical (quantitative or qualitative) evaluation of a prevention initiative using primary data. The majority of these studies evaluated programs targeting violent Islamist or "general" radicalization. Negative or iatrogenic effects mostly stemmed from programs aimed at specific ethnic or religious groups or focusing on surveillance and monitoring. Positive effects were noted in programs aimed at improving potential protective factors against violent radicalization. However, the reviewed studies had numerous limitations (i.e., weak experimental designs, small/biased samples, unclear definitions, incomplete methodological sections, and conflicts of interests) that hinder one's confidence in their conclusions. Also, many studies lacked a logic model, failed to differentiate between intermediate and final outcomes, and often did not assess for negative outcomes. Encouragingly, however, some of the most methodologically sound studies contained results attesting to the effectiveness of improving protective factors against violent radicalization.