Suchergebnisse

section-1. Social status of Indian Muslims -- section-2. Economic status of Indian Muslims -- section-3. Health status of Indian Muslims -- section-4. Psychology of Indian Muslims -- section-5. Status of Indian Muslim women -- section-6. Participation of Muslim in politics -- section-7. Status of Indian Muslims in art and culture -- section-8. Historical perspective of Indian Muslims -- section-9. Inter-relation between Hindu and Muslim culture -- section-10. Role of Muslims in national integration

The industrial sector of a country is considered to be one of the most significant contributors to its economic and social growth. Pakistani industrial sector has been suffering from energy deficiency due to energy crises for the last two decades, and as a result, its performance has been badly affected. The current performance of this sector can be increased by the adoption of energy conservation measures (ECMs) which would lead to economic, social, and environmental benefits. This paper explores the significant drivers for the adoption of ECMs in manufacturing SMEs of Pakistan. It also evaluates the relative significance of these drivers in various contexts and provides a foundation to determine where to address effective policy efforts accordingly. For the investigation of a possible correlation of significant cited drivers with the type of industry (variable), a one-way ANOVA analysis and Tukey posthoc tests are also carried out.

Drawing on Social Learning Theory and Conservation of Resource Concept this research mediation moderation model was supported by a study which is conducted from multiple sources and a study conducted in three-waves in Pakistan. Workplace Conflicts and Ethical Leadership ideas are developed and brought together by these results. This exploration inspected the character of Ethical leadership happening in workplace conflict circumstances. Explicitly, ethical leadership remained prophesied on the way to construct members' resolution efficacy and consequently upsurge members' capability to agreement through conflict state of affairs (i.e., relationship and task conflicts) concerning in the workplace political scenarios. We gathered information from a variety of sources, including employees and their direct managers in several Pakistani organizations. The current study employed the survey approach. This study shows a negative relationship between ethical leadership and relationship conflict and task conflicts. Moreover, this study also shows, resolution efficacy plays a role as a mediator between Ethical Leadership and relationship conflict as well as task conflicts. Furthermore, shows that Perception of Politics plays a role as a moderator in the relationship between Resolution Efficacy and Relationship Conflicts as well as task conflicts. Ethical leadership activities possibly will improve employee conflict resolution efficacy, implying that concluded the solicitation of ethical leadership social learning philosophies, leaders may be critical in creating a work environment that morally encourages and fosters employees' conflict resolution efficacy.

The globally-prevalent crisis of financial exclusion ails millions especially in developing countries, by trapping low-income households in a vicious cycle of poverty. One public policy measure to address this is through the provision of low-cost microfinance under countrywide financial inclusion programs. This paper explores one such financial inclusion program launched as a public-private partnership (PPP) across Pakistan in October 2021, titled "Kamyab Pakistan Program" (KPP). More specifically, it explores the role of AIM, a high-impact Pakistani microfinance organization, as one of the implementing partners under this PPP, and posits this as an ideal PPP with potential for success. This hypothesis generating case study is analyzed through a principal-agent framework by identifying the factors under which the expected success of this PPP is predicated on. Resultantly, three hypotheses are generated that identify the following three factors: 1) ideological confluence between the government-led Program and the microfinance institution, 2) past involvement in design of the Program by the microfinance institution, and 3) creation of subjectively perceived social responsibility by the microfinance institution. This paper reaches the conclusion that a public-private partnership of the nature explored in the case-study – such that there is a certain level of confluence between both parties involved in terms of both a philosophical basis as well as operational processes – is an effective method by which to achieve financial inclusion, which is aimed specifically at poverty-reduction.

Pandemic COVID-19 is a contagious disease affecting more than 200 countries, territories, and regions. Recently, Iraq is one of the countries that have immensely suffered from this outbreak. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) is also prone to the disease. Until now, more than 23,000 confirmed cases have been recorded in the region. Since the onset of the COVID-19 in Wuhan, based on epidemiological modelling, researchers have used various models to predict the future of the epidemic and the time of peak, yielding diverse numbers in different countries. This study aims to estimate the basic reproductive number [R0] for COVID-19 in KRI, using the standard SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) epidemic model. A system of nonlinear differential equations was formulated and solved numerically by the 4th order Runge-Kutta method. The reproductive numbers R0 was estimated by the method of fitting the curves between the actual daily data and numerical solution by applying the least square method. For the analysis, data were taken for the duration of 165 days, from 1st of March to 12th August 2020, in a population of 5.2 million. It is concluded that the R0 value was fluctuating during the outbreak, with an average of 1.33, predicting that infection cases will reach their maximum value of around 540,000 on the 5th of November 2020. Then, the spread of the disease will die out since the number of susceptible people will decrease to about 3.2 million. While the number of removed individuals will reach approximately to 1.5 million.