Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article analyzes Japan's dual role in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations. It argues that the successful conclusion to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol can be partly attributed to Japan's dual role as negotiator and mediator. As the host of the Kyoto Conference, Japan undertook the mediator's role prior to and during the conference negotiation process. At the same time, as a participant to the conference, Japan took a negotiator's role to meet its own interests in the negotiations. Despite its initial position as a self-interested negotiator like any other country, Japan ended up in a different position than expected because of its broader role as mediator. By reviewing Japanese efforts to bring the protocol negotiations to a successful conclusion, the article examines the dynamics of the two dimensions of mediation and negotiation in international treaty-making.

South Korean development centred on large enterprises, and mostly on giant business conglomerates called chaebol. The study deals with objective conditions for "chaebolization", business diversification through subsidiaries and personal connections between government and business. It notes that there are numerous institutions in South Korea which allows the government to participate in economic development processes. (DÜI-Sen)

Introduction: The Road to Beijing -- Tanaka Kakuei and Ōhira Masayoshi: Two Types of Leadership -- The Nixon Shock - Moving Beyond Satō -- The Formation of the Tanaka Government and the Takeiri Memo - First Approaches to China -- Under America's Shadow - The Tanaka-Nixon Summit in Hawaii -- Taiwan - The Shiina-Chiang Talks as Kanjinchō -- Tanaka's Visit to China and the "Meiwaku" Speech (September 25) -- Zhou Enlai's "Bluff" and Ōhira Masayoshi's "Trump Card" (September 26) -- The Senkaku Islands and Tanaka's Meeting with Mao (September 27) -- The Sino-Japanese Joint Statement and Severing Relations with Taiwan (September 28-30) -- Conclusion: The Spirit of Sino-Japanese Peace.

The question of how to maintain the continuity of diplomacy while developing democracy without military intervention is an old and new issue. The challenge can be described as a dilemma between democracy and diplomatic coherence. This dilemma is not unique to the twenty-first century; it has been a constant challenge to the development of democracy. In non-Western countries, democratisation originated in the nineteenth century and has had many successes and failures. After the Russo-Japanese War, political parties began to take power in Japan. The best embodiment of diplomacy in Japan's emerging democracy—the development of parliamentary democracy and mass-based democracy—is Shidehara Kijūrō (1872–1951), who served as foreign minister from 1924 to 1927 and from 1929 to 1931, and was prime minister from 1945 to 1946. As a diplomat from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shidehara had long grappled with the issue of how to ensure diplomatic coherence in modern Japan, which was becoming increasingly democratic. Although Shidehara succeeded to some extent in promoting diplomacy in cooperation with the US and the UK under party politics, the rise of the military after the Manchurian Incident forced him to retire for a period. However, after the Pacific War, Shidehara became prime minister of the US-occupied Japan and attempted to restore cooperative diplomacy under party politics. Shidehara came to the conclusion that the way to achieve both democracy and diplomatic coherence was through nonpartisan diplomacy towards peace. This book examines the tension between diplomacy and democracy, focusing on Shidehara's life and exploring modern Japan's footsteps. Shidehara was undoubtedly one of Japan's most important diplomatic figures.

This book is a biography of Eisaku Satō (1901-75), who served as prime minister of Japan from 1964 to 1972, before Prime Minister Abe the longest uninterrupted premiership in Japanese history. The book focuses on Satō's management of Japan's relations with the United States and Japan's neighbours in East Asia, where Satō worked to normalize relations with South Korea and China. It also covers domestic Japanese politics, particularly factional politics within the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), where Satō, as the founder of what would become the largest LDP faction, was at the centre of LDP politics for decades. The book highlights Satō's greatest achievement – the return of Okinawa from United States occupation - for which, together with the establishment of the non-nuclear principles, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, the only Japanese to receive the Prize.