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The increasing penetration of global capitalism, ambitious development efforts, and related environmental change have significantly transformed Kalimantan and its indigenous population, commonly referred to as Dayak, during the last decades. This article analyzes these processes from a gendered perspective and explores how gender relations among the Dayak, who generally are characterized by well-balanced gender relations, have been influenced by what is commonly referred to as 'development'. A review of the existing literature shows that new asymmetries between men and women are emerging mainly due to different ways of inclusion in new economic systems. Based on research among the Dayak Benuaq, the article shows that far-reaching gender equality has been so far upheld within Benuaq society while gender gets interwoven with an increasing variety of inequalities. I argue that in order to capture this complexity, research on the gendered impacts of development should a) aim for a better understanding of the intertwinement of gender with other aspects, such as ethnicity, class, age, or education, b) pay more attention to how these aspects play out in different contexts, and c) differentiate more clearly between gender ideals, norms, and actual practice. (ASEAS/GIGA)

The 'big bang' decentralisation reforms Indonesia embarked upon in 2001 went along with a decentralisation of the forestry sector. Hopes were high that this would improve local development and contribute to more sustainable forest management. However, undesired outcomes of decentralisation have been counteracted by an immediate effort to recentralise forest governance. In this paper, we address the question what actual impact both de- and recentralisation of forest governance had on the livelihoods of local communities in East Kalimantan. Our findings are based on field studies conducted in two villages using ethnographic methods. We show that under decentralised forest governance, unclear functional competences and overlapping authorities of the central and local governments triggered a logging boom that increased inter- and intra-village conflicts, exacerbating inequality, and leading to further deforestation. On the other hand, the recentralisation of the forestry sector and the increased central state control of illegal logging deprived villagers of lucrative income sources without offering adequate alternatives, while ending therewith associated conflicts. Our case studies thus show that de- and recentralisation had both positive and negative effects on a local level. However, we argue that continual decentralisation eff orts would be more promising for the improvement of local communities in East Kalimantan.

Die weitreichenden Dezentralisierungsprozesse, die Indonesien 2001 in die Wege geleitet hat, schlossen eine Dezentralisierung des Forstsektors ein. Die Hoffnungen waren groß, dass damit die lokale Entwicklung vorangetrieben und nachhaltiges Waldmanagement gefördert würden. Den unerwünschten Folgen der Dezentralisierung wurde jedoch mit umgehenden Bemühungen entgegengewirkt, den Forstsektor zu rezentralisieren. In diesem Artikel befassen wir uns mit der Frage, welche tatsächlichen Folgen sowohl die De- als auch Rezentralisierung des Forstsektors auf die Lebensumstände lokaler Gemeinschaften in Ost-Kalimantan hatten. Unsere Ergebnisse beruhen auf Feldforschungen in zwei Dorfgemeinschaften unter Anwendung ethnographischer Methoden. Wir zeigen, dass die unklare Aufgabenverteilung und überlappenden Autoritäten von Zentral- und Lokalregierung während der Dezentralisierung einen logging boom hervorgerufen haben, der zu steigenden Konflikten innerhalb von und zwischen Dörfern sowie wachsender Ungleichheit und ansteigender Entwaldung geführt hat. Auf der anderen Seite haben die Rezentralisierung des Forstsektors und die zunehmende zentralstaatliche Kontrolle des illegalen Holzeinschlags den DorfbewohnerInnen lukrative Einnahmequellen entzogen, ohne adäquate Alternativen zu schaffen. Unsere Fallstudien zeigen somit, dass De- und Rezentralisierung sowohl positive als auch negative Auswirkungen hatten. Dennoch argumentieren wir für die Fortsetzung der Dezentralisierungsbestrebungen, da dies für die Verbesserung der Lebensumstände von lokalen Gemeinschaften vielversprechender ist. ; The 'big bang' decentralisation reforms Indonesia embarked upon in 2001 went along with a decentralisation of the forestry sector. Hopes were high that this would improve local development and contribute to more sustainable forest management. However, undesired outcomes of decentralisation have been counteracted by an immediate effort to recentralise forest governance. In this paper, we address the question what actual impact both de- and recentralisation of forest governance had on the livelihoods of local communities in East Kalimantan. Our findings are based on field studies conducted in two villages using ethnographic methods. We show that under decentralised forest governance, unclear functional competences and overlapping authorities of the central and local governments triggered a logging boom that increased inter- and intra-village conflicts, exacerbating inequality, and leading to further deforestation. On the other hand, the recentralisation of the forestry sector and the increased central state control of illegal logging deprived villagers of lucrative income sources without offering adequate alternatives, while ending therewith associated conflicts. Our case studies thus show that de- and recentralisation had both positive and negative effects on a local level. However, we argue that continual decentralisation efforts would be more promising for the improvement of local communities in East Kalimantan. ; Peer-Reviewed ; Peer-Reviewed

"Since colonial rule, the island of Java served as Indonesia's imagined centre and prime example of development, while the Outer Islands were constructed as the state's marginalised periphery. Recent processes of democratisation and regional autonomy, however, have significantly changed the power relations that once produced the marginality of the Outer Islands. This book explores processes of political, economic and cultural transformations in Indonesia, emphasizing their implications for centre-periphery relations from the perspective of the archipelago's 'margins'. Structured along three central themes, the book first provides theoretical contributions to the understanding of marginality in Indonesia. The second part focuses on political transformation processes and their implications for the Outer Islands. The third section investigates the dynamics caused by economic changes on Indonesia's periphery. Chapters written by experts in the field offer examples from various regions, which demonstrate how power relations between centre and periphery are getting challenged, contested and reshaped. The book fills a gap in the literature by analysing the implications of the recent transformation processes for the construction of marginality on Indonesia's Outer Islands"--

"This book draws on ethnographic studies in Southeast Asia to provide new insights into human-environmental relationships and ecologies, together with a set of theoretical innovations. Contextualizing ecologies in this region as pluralizing or hegemonic, conflictive or cooperative, the case studies in these chapters bring into dialogue ontological approaches, the issue of distinct worldviews and concepts of nature on the one hand and political ecology and power relations on the other. They discuss plural ecologies in diverse settings, reaching from urban Vietnam to the Javanese coast and the dense forests of the Southeast Asian highlands. Southeast Asia is one of the most biodiverse and culturally diverse regions in the world. Thus, what occurs in this region is vitally important to the future of Earth. Documenting the plurality and dynamics of ecologies in Southeast Asia, this book provides prime examples for the potentials of alternative human-environmental relationships and sustainable development. It will be of interest to academics studying political ecology, environmental anthropology, sustainability sciences, political sciences, development studies, human geography, human ecology, Southeast Asian studies, and Asian studies"--

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- On Being a Parent in the Field -- Rethinking the Ethnographer -- Unexpected Resonances -- Circulating Family Images -- Returning to the Field as a Mother -- Entangled Family -- Falling in and out of Sync in Upland Laos -- "We Will Go on Vacation, while You Work" -- Bringing My Wife and Children to the Field -- On Being a Father in the Field -- Whisky, Kids and Sleepless Nights -- Capturing Sounds -- Shared Field, Divided Field -- From Tightrope Walks to Entangled Families -- Authors

"Since colonial rule, the island of Java served as Indonesia's imagined centre and prime example of development, while the Outer Islands were constructed as the state's marginalised periphery. Recent processes of democratisation and regional autonomy, however, have significantly changed the power relations that once produced the marginality of the Outer Islands. This book explores processes of political, economic and cultural transformations in Indonesia, emphasizing their implications for centre-periphery relations from the perspective of the archipelago's 'margins'. Structured along three central themes, the book first provides theoretical contributions to the understanding of marginality in Indonesia. The second part focuses on political transformation processes and their implications for the Outer Islands. The third section investigates the dynamics caused by economic changes on Indonesia's periphery. Chapters written by experts in the field offer examples from various regions, which demonstrate how power relations between centre and periphery are getting challenged, contested and reshaped. The book fills a gap in the literature by analysing the implications of the recent transformation processes for the construction of marginality on Indonesia's Outer Islands"--