Suchergebnisse

All European Peace Facility (EPF)-funded transfers of arms and other military equipment should be transparent and well justified. The European Union should issue a biannual public report about all EPF-funded arms transfers, including information on the type, number, condition and effective end-user of the arms. In addition, the reports should include a detailed explanation of the reasons for each transfer. To reduce the risk of diversion, the European Union should introduce post-shipment controls for arms and military equipment that were funded via the EPF. End-use certificates for such transfers should include the permission for officials from the European Union, e.g. from the European External Action Service, or EU member states, to conduct such on-the-spot checks. Transfers of EPF-funded arms and other military equipment should be tied to a compulsory evaluation of the existing structures of weapons and ammunition management (WAM). Depending on the results of this evaluation, the European Union should assist the recipient country with EPF-funded WAM assistance programmes, which build on initiatives that already work closely together with the relevant local actors. The European Parliament should be involved in discussing the use of the EPF to fund arms transfers to avoid democratic legitimacy problems and improve the accountability of such transfers. People living in the countries that receive arms from Europe are most affected by decisions made by the EPF. To ensure that the European Union remains accountable for their decisions and cases of misuse, it should establish a mechanism for affected civilians in recipient countries to report complaints and grievances resulting from European arms transfers.

For over a hundred years, the 8th of March marks the feminist day of struggle, nowadays still mainly celebrated as International Women's Day. Although we have come far, the sole reference to 'women' is problematic since it reproduces a gender binary that excludes anyone that does not identify with the sex assigned to them at birth, i.e., transgender (in short: trans) and non-binary individuals. This tends to undermine and even deny the day's aim to fight sexism and misogyny in all its forms. Perhaps a good way to counter this trend is to incorporate trans and non-binary perspectives systematically into peace and conflict research.

Measuring militarisation is complex. Since 2003 and retrospectively up to 1990, BICC has been measuring militarisation worldwide with the Global Militarisation Index (GMI). The GMI's approach is resource-based and measures the level of militarisation of a society by its allocation of resources by the state to the military in relation with other areas of society. By measuring the level of militarisation and the resulting time series annually, processes of militarisation or demilitarisation of societies and regions can be mapped. In this Working Paper, for the first time, the authors present the Codebook which underpins the GMI. They also discuss the current methodology and possible additions in view of the changing framework conditions and new data sources. In particular, they discuss the inclusion of novel weapons systems but also the vision of a multi-dimensional concept of militarisation.

Die Messung von Militarisierung ist ein komplexes Unterfangen. Seit 2003 und rückwirkend bis 1990 misst das BICC über den Globalen Militarisierungsindex (GMI) Militarisierung weltweit. Der GMI verfolgt einen ressourcenzentrierten Ansatz, der den Militarisierungsgrad einer Gesellschaft über die Ressourcenzuweisung von Seiten des Staates an das Militär relational zu anderen Gesellschaftsbereichen misst. Über die jährliche Messung des Militarisierungsgrades und die dadurch entstehenden Zeitreihen lassen sich Prozesse der Militarisierung bzw. Demilitarisierung von Gesellschaften und Regionen abbilden. Das vorliegende Working Paper stellt den Index anhand seines Codebooks erstmals vor und diskutiert sowohl die aktuelle Methodik als auch mögliche Ergänzungen angesichts sich verändernder Rahmenbedingungen und neuer Datenquellen. Dabei wird insbesondere die Aufnahme neuer Waffensysteme, aber auch die Entwicklung eines multidimensionalen Konzeptes von Militarisierung diskutiert.