Suchergebnisse

Phase change materials are a promising strategy to reduce energy consumption in a wide range of applications including the building sector. Many studies have been done to evaluate the impact of PCM on thermal properties of building materials, however there exists little information on the influence of PCM on other properties of the support materials. This knowledge is necessary to determine the feasibility to apply and use building materials containing PCM. In this paper, the effect of the addition of different percentages of microencapsulated phase change material on the properties of two commercial single layer mortars has been studied. Physical and thermal properties as well as fire reaction have been evaluated. ; The work is partially funded by the Spanish Government(ENE2011-28269-C03-02 and MAT2011-26410). The authorswould like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accredi-tation given to their research group GREA (2014 SGR 123), researchgroup DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543) and research group GICITED (2014SGR 1298).The work leading to this invention has received fundingfrom the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme(FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE)

Bio-based insulation materials (such as wood or hemp) are emerging as a promising alternative in building envelope applications, aiming at improving in-use energy efficiency. When compared to common insulation materials (rock and glass wool or petrol-based foams) bio-based materials present the advantage of being renewable, with a low embodied energy and CO2 neutral or negative. Moreover, these materials have a distinct hygrothermal performance, as the sorption/desorption of water vapour in their porous structure, in dynamic equilibrium with their surrounding environment, constantly modifies their hygric and thermal properties while causing energy transfers itself. In this paper, the hygrothermal performance of two different bio-based materials in outdoor conditions is evaluated. The first is an innovative light-weight composite made from corn pith and alginate. The second a commercially available wood insulator. The materials are tested alone and as components of external thermal insulation systems (ETICS) and compared to a conventional polystyrene foam. The results show how the sorption process influence the hygrothermal performance of the materials when the surrounding conditions are modified. When subjected to cyclic changes in temperature and relative humidity, the bio-based materials tested show a lower temperature variation than polystyrene. This is in part due to their lower thermal diffusivity, but also to the water absorption and desorption mechanisms occurring within the materials, which were measured by the change in mass of the materials during the tests. The differences in the thermal performance were more noticeable when the insulation materials were tested alone than when these were tested as a part of an ETIC System. ; This work was funded by MINECO (Spain) and AEI/FEDER/UE under the projects BIA2014-52688-R, BIA2017-88401-R and ENE2015-64117-C5-3-R. The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group (2017 SGR 1758). M.P. would like to thank the Brazilian Education Ministry for the financial support received under the PNPD/Capes fellowship. This article has been possible with the support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) (FJCI-2016-28789).

Gypsum has two important states (fresh and hardened states), and the addition of phase change materials (PCM) can vary the properties of the material. Many authors have extensively studied properties in the hardened state; however, the variation of fresh state properties due to the addition of Micronalr DS 5001 X PCM into gypsum has been the object of few investigations. Properties in fresh state define the workability, setting time, adherence and shrinkage, and, therefore the possibility of implementing the material in building walls. The aim of the study is to analyze, compare and evaluate the variability of fresh state properties after the inclusion of 10% PCM. PCM are added into a common gypsum matrix by three different methods: adding microencapsulated PCM, making a suspension of PCM/water, and incorporating PCM through a vacuum impregnation method. Results demonstrate that the inclusion of PCM change completely the water required by the gypsum to achieve good workability, especially the formulation containing Micronalr DS 5001 X: the water required is higher, the retraction is lower (50% less) due to the organic nature of the PCM with high elasticity and, the adherence is reduced (up to 45%) due to the difference between the porosity of the different surfaces as well as the surface tension difference. ; The work is partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2011-28269-C03-02 and MAT2011-26410). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA-UdL (2014 SGR 123) and research group DIOPMA-UB (2014 SGR 1543) and GICITED-UPC (2014 SGR 1298). In addition, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n˝ PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE).

The building sector is one of the highest energy consumers representing around 30% of total energy use. One of the recommendations of the IEA (International Energy Agency) to reduce energy consumption in buildings is to enhance the thermal performance of building envelopes. In the present study, PCM (Phase Change Material) gypsum materials have been manufactured using three different PCM inclusion methods and a thin layer of gypsum without PCM is added as external layer with the aim of improving the fire reaction behaviour. By performing a detailed physical, mechanical and thermal characterization, the suitability of the materials to be implemented in the building envelope as inner coating is demonstrated. Results show that also the thermal properties are improved in the three cases by the addition of PCM. Moreover, the negative effect of adding paraffin wax PCM into gypsum against flame can be easily reduced by the addition of a thin gypsum layer, which is a low tech and cheap solution without extra environmental impact. ; The work is partially funded by the Spanish government (ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R, ENE2015-64117-C5-2-R, MAT2011-26410 and BIA2014-52688-R). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA - UdL (2014 SGR 123) and research group DIOPMA - UB (2014 SGR 1543) and GICITED − UPC (2014 SGR 1298). In addition, this project has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under Grant agreement N° PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 657466 (INPATH-TES).

The implementation of organic phase change materials (PCMs) in several applications such as heating and cooling or building comfort is an important target in thermal energy storage (TES). However, one of the major drawbacks of organic PCMs implementation is flammability. The addition of flame retardants to PCMs or shape-stabilized PCMs is one of the approaches to address this problem and improve their final deployment in the building material sector. In this study, the most common organic PCM, Paraffin RT-21, and fatty acids mixtures of capric acid (CA), myristic acid (MA), and palmitic acid (PA) in bulk, were tested to improve their fire reaction. Several flame retardants, such as ammonium phosphate, melamine phosphate, hydromagnesite, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide, were tested. The properties of the improved PCM with flame retardants were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), the dripping test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results for the dripping test show that fire retardancy was considerably enhanced by the addition of hydromagnesite (50 wt %) and magnesium hydroxide (50 wt %) in fatty acids mixtures. This will help the final implementation of these enhanced PCMs in building sector. The influence of the addition of flame retardants on the melting enthalpy and temperatures of PCMs has been evaluated. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) under grant agreement number PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 657466 (INPATH-TES). The authors would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research groups GREA (2014 SGR 123), DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543) and GICITED (2014 SGR 1298), and also the MINECO for the project BIA2014-52688-R, ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R, ENE2015-64117-C5-2-R, and ENE2015-64117-C5-3-R. Alvaro de Gracia and Camila Barreneche would like to thank Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad de España for Grant Juan de la Cierva, FJCI-2014-19940 and FJCI-2014-22886, respectively.