Suchergebnisse

In order to enhance the indigenous supply of energy, Pakistan
has launched various investment programmes as a consequence of which 28
percent and 43.2 per• cent of total public investment has been invested
in the energy sector, respectively, in the Fifth and the Sixth Five Year
Plans. However, despite the sharp increase in investment for indigenous
exploration and production, the domestic supply of energy has registered
an insignificant increase. Despite substantial increases in energy
prices, the growth of the commercial primary energy consumption has
increased from 6.8 percent per annum in 1973•74 1979•80 to 7.8 percent
per annum in 1979•80 - 1984-85. In fact, Pakistan's energy policies have
not succeeded in delinking the growth rate of GPP from primary energy
consumption, which has partly been achieved in industrialized countries
and in many developing countries. For the period of 1973•74 to 1979•80,
the primary energy/ GDP elasticity was 1.20, whereas, it has increased
to 1.24 for 1979•80 to 1984-85.

The function of the national accounts is to provide an
interrelated and consistent set of economic statistics of the
transactors in the economy. Those statistics relate to the circular flow
in the economy of production, consumption and accumulation. They are
used to assess the performance of the economy and should facilitate the
application of economic theory. In Pakistan, a systematic design of the
system of national·accounts has been lacking. Basically, the system is
limited to macro economic production statistics on value-ad~ed by
sectors and expenditure series. Moreover, the present system lacks
internal consistency checks. Discrepancies cannot be assessed due to the
existence of residual sectors. As a result, the national accounls have
not been exploited in their function for the evaluation of the
performance of the economy. During the mid-1980s, a comprehensive review
of the system was made to improve the national accounts. The
recommendations which were formulated after the review stated that: The
system should be rebased from 1959-60 to 1980-81; The system should be
extended to include input-output tables, flow-of-funds and institutional
sector accounts; and The system should adopt the integrated national
accounts concepts.

Development process may entail changes in the socio-economic
positions of people from one generation to the other. In Pakistan, no
attempt has so far been made to study the lines on which people gain
upward mobility or the factors which are involved in this process. This
paper is an attempt in this direction. By using data from primary
sources, we aim at .explaining the income and wealth positions of
Pakistanis from different generations in terms of their endowments of
social, human and physical capital and other socio-economic
characteristics. The assessment of incidence and nature of such mobility
would enable us to identify the processes through which different
socio-economic groups attempt to improve their positions in a changing
society.

The macro-econometric model of Pakistan's economy by Naqvi et
al. (3) is the first completed work in a renewed effort to model
significant economic and social activities and issues in Pakistan. One
of the current modelling efforts in which the authors are participating
aims at combining elements from the macro-econometric model,
inter-industry relations, factor market relations, and social accounting
frameworks. This effort is now made possible by the compilation of the
relevant statistics relating to an input-output table and the social
accounting matrix
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of
alternative agricultural policies on production, consumption and income
distribution within a social accounting, g framework. This is done by
applying the social accounting multiplier analysis on the agricultural
SAM for Pakistan for the year 1979-80. The paper focuses attention on
the agricultural production sector, the related food producing
industrial sectors and food consumption sectors, which are represented
in the agriculture SAM by disaggregated accounts, while all the other
production sectors in the economy have been aggregated into a single
account. The paper is organized as follows: The SAM for the agricultural
sector of Pakistan is presented in Section 2, followed by a discussion
of multiplier decomposition in Section 3. Section 4 presents the results
of the multiplier analysis and Section 5 gives a summary of the main
results.