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"Principles and Concepts of Social Research is a text covering the foundations of social science research, outlining the history and core elements of Western social research. The text covers a variety of topics, ranging from the history of scientific beliefs from Ancient Greece to the contemporary world. It outlines the basics of the development of knowledge systems and logic, the definition of science and its processes, the progression of classifying humans, and research ethics, amongst other underlying elements of research"--

"Principles and Concepts of Social Research is a text covering the foundations of social science research, outlining the history and core elements of Western social research. The text covers a variety of topics, ranging from the history of scientific beliefs from Ancient Greece to the contemporary world. It outlines the basics of the development of knowledge systems and logic, the definition of science and its processes, the progression of classifying humans, and research ethics, amongst other underlying elements of research"--

"This book helps readers with access needs visit national parks and visitor centers. It describes a range of techniques and technologies to make visiting easier and shows you what is available for learning through driving, riding, walking, wheeling, or feeling around ten selected national parks"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the author -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Part I The study's theoretical background -- 2 The enlightenment and disability -- 3 Two worlds of disability -- 4 Inclusive capital and human value -- Part II Cases of ageing and disability in cultural heritage -- 5 Younger children and cultural heritage -- 6 Diego and Phoebe at California School for the Blind, San Francisco Bay -- 7 Ruth in New York and Pierre in southern England -- 8 Experiences of late disability - Tallulah and Don in western England -- Part III Cases of access and inclusion at cultural institutions -- 9 Yosemite National Park, California -- 10 The Statue of Liberty, New York, US -- 11 The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts -- 12 The original two questions -- Index.

In 1999, I planned a part-time PhD study to examine the effects of early art education on cultural development in English schools for the blind. This study formed part of a larger grounded theory on the understanding and creation of what are thought to be the visual arts by blind adults and children. The main fieldwork for this study was conducted at RNIB New College, Worcester, and included participant observations, interviews, and participant diaries. This case examines strategies involved in developing fieldwork as a full-time teacher in a different school, and focuses on the issues involved in collecting the participant diaries. The case also examines the development, creation, and maintenance of relationships within fieldwork, and strategies of reflexive work patterns. In particular, the case examines the nature of the Intimate Journal and the use of Informers to develop part of a grounded theory.

Cover -- Philosophy as Disability and Exclusion -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- SECTION I: Philosophical and Cognitive Studies of Blindness, Touch, and Art -- Chapter 2: The Epistemological Model of Understanding Disability and Passive Exclusion -- Chapter 3: Epistemologies and Ontologies of Blindness -- Chapter 4: A History of Empirical Research on Blindness, Touch, and the Arts -- SECTION II: An Examination of the Development of English Institutions for the Blind -- Chapter 5: The Philosophies of English Institutions for the Blind -- Chapter 6: Creative and Imaginative Education in English Schools for the Blind -- Chapter 7: Legal Inclusion in English Education -- Chapter 8: The Development of Inclusion in English Museums, Galleries, and Monuments -- SECTION III: Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Conclusion -- Glossary -- References

Intro -- Grounded Theory and Disability Studies -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Open Coding -- 3. Research Ethics -- 4. Axial Coding -- 5. Design and Implementation -- 6. Research Ethics -- 7. Selective Coding -- 8. Conclusion -- Bibliography.

This article examines the philosophical, social and cultural roots of touch exhibitions in British museums during the Twentieth Century. The theory and practice of these exhibitions was influenced more by cultural tradition, and political and social guidance, than by the needs of the majority of people with disabilities of sight. In particular, a theory of the use of touch was derived from pedagogies developed in schools for the blind, which were themselves influenced by a philosophy of enlightenment from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This pedagogical and theoretical approach does not serve people with disabilities of sight well. The study concludes that touch should only be used as one of a number of multimodal approaches to museum access, and people with disabilities of sight should be considered according to their individual needs.Keywords: blindness, disabilities of sight, touch, tactile, museums, galleries, exhibitions, access, enlightenment, philosophy, schools for the blind, pedagogy

Two case studies of students from California School for the Blind studying artworks in museums and on the Web are discussed. The analysis focuses on the traditional understanding that unreachable artworks in the museum are deciphered by non-intellectual elites primarily from the perspective of visual perception and museums are simple vessels of art, as contended by Ernst Gombrich and Pierre Bourdieu, and that exclusion is either passive or active. It is also argued that there is a bridge between sensing an object and understanding it that is beyond perceptions. The article concludes that the two students featured in the case studies were more likely to be passively rather than actively excluded from unreachable and two-dimensional artworks, and that they could still develop a symbolic intellectual and emotional connection with these artworks and the museum through verbal descriptions and being in their presence.

Introduction This presentation discusses a grounded methodology study of older adult services in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and eight other similar jurisdictions for the National Council for the Blind of Ireland (NCBI). The aims of the study were to: • inform inclusive service provision by the NCBI for older adults (people over sixty-five years of age) and significantly older adults (people over eighty years of age) • examine why some older adults and significantly older adults in RoI do not fully engage with NCBI's services • examine the effects of NCBI's services on health and well-being, particularly mental health • inform the NCBI's referral process of people with low or no vision Methodology The study was conducted in three phases, each of which was designed to guide the development of training and policy development at the NCBI. These three phases were: • Phase One – A survey of demographic information from the Irish Census, NCBI and academic literature to identify vulnerable populations, and the geographical concentrations and distributions of older adults and significantly older adults. • Phase Two – A survey of services by agencies (governmental and non-governmental) in jurisdictions that were found to bear a similarity to the RoI (these jurisdictions included countries, states, provinces, etc.). Similarity was judged on a group of variables and cultural and political similarity. • Phase Three - A survey of academic literature on the nature, needs and effectiveness of older adult services, with special reference to jurisdictions with similar state systems of social services. This literature was identified through a search of academic databases, in either academic libraries or Web based academic databases - documents published within the last five years were prioritised during the search of academic literature. Data Analysis The data analysis in the study was conducted using a model of inclusive capital as an instrument to determine the nature of support. Discussion The study has two main findings: • First, there needs to be further foci on physical and mental health, multiple impairments, significantly older adult's social needs and end-of-life care in policy development. • Second, services need to emphasise practical issues of independent living and re-education, developing joined-up services such as transport and well-being, and joining-up similar services across related agencies - e.g. services related to hearing loss and dementia. Conclusion The study concludes that NCBI and other smaller jurisdictions' services have the advantage that they are closer to their clients and are one-stop-shops for older and significantly older adults.

Acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 693229 – Appendix A. This poster introduces a model of inclusive capital currently being developed to analyse institutional access. The model is based on Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Pierre Bourdieu and Sarita Yardi's theories of human capital. Inclusive capital is the sense of inclusion we all need to feel. Inclusive capital is acquired, and a single cycle of acquiring it is in four stages: the first stage is bonding with a network of people; the second stage is learning inclusive capital through networks - learning inclusive capital consists of acquiring habits, knowledge and practices that lead to inclusion; the third stage is collecting information, and using technologies to gain information, and to update inclusive capital; the fourth stage is physical access to spaces and places, such as visiting or attending cultural institutions.