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Target detection using radar has important applications in military and civilian fields. Aimed at targets containing interference, radar polarimetry can facilitate discrimination between the target and interference. Since existing methods require the utilization of interference signals without targets in advance, they have a poor effect on interference with variable polarization. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel synchronous method to estimate the parameters of interference. First, we introduce a definition of the pulse compression signal-to-noise ratio, and prove that it is the polarization invariant in the virtual polarization adaptation. Then, for signals containing a target, interference, and noise, we propose a novel synchronous estimation method. Subsequently, we propose the two-dimensional golden selected method to further optimize the method with minimum calculation, and prove that the method presented in this paper is convergent and globally optimal. Finally, we analyze the presented method from three aspects: robustness, complexity, and applicability; the results of which demonstrate the efficacy of the method presented in this paper.

Do correlated units have influences to require compensates for bodies whose identities can't be proved? Not only jurisprudence and reality society separately holds different views, but also inside themselves, there are no common ideas. Likewise, the lack of consummation in legislation always leads one same case to opposite judgments in each local people's court. First of all, through the jurisprudence analyses about the meaning of the civil rights of bodied whose identities can't be proved, protection rules of civil right of bodies whose identities can't be proved should be set up. Secondly, through the intensive analyses of present jurisprudence prescript, including limitation, protection rules should be nailed down. Thirdly, based on the present jurisprudence rules, author offers advise in details on the course of judgment in the way of protection of bodies' civil rights. Key words: nameless body, civil rights, Judicial Protection Résumé: Les départements compétents ont-ils le droit de réclamer l'indemnité pour un cadavre inconnu ? Le milieu juridique et le milieu d'application exposent leur propre opinion, même à l'intérieur de chaque milieu, le débat ne se cesse pas. A cause de l'imperfection de la législation, les tribunaux populaires locaux n'ont pas une connaissance unanime sur cela et prennent des actions judicaires contraires. D'abord, à travers l'analyse juridique du contenu des droits civils du cadavre inconnu, l'auteur pense qu'il faut établir le système de protection des droits civils du cadavre inconnu. Ensuite, après l'étude des règlements légaux et de ses inconvénients, il est d'avis qu'on doit préciser juridiquement ce système de protection. Finalement, sur la base du système légal en vigueur et d'après le principe du droit civil, l'esprit de la législation civile et la fonction de guidage judicaire, il donne, en ce qui concerne les moyens de protection, des propositions concrètes sur le processus judicaire. Mots-clés: cadavre inconnu, droits civils, protection judicaire 摘要:相關部門有無權力為無名屍索賠?法學界、實務界各抒己見,就是法學界和實務界內部也爭論不休。由於立法的不完善,導致各地人民法院對其在認識上以及司法上的絕然相反。首先,本文通過對無名屍民事權利的內涵的法理分析,認為應設立無名屍民事權利保護制度。其次,通過對我國現行法律規定及其缺陷的透析,認為應從法律上明確無名屍民事權利的保護制度。再次,筆者在現行法律制度的基礎上,從民法的原 則、民事立法精神以及司法的引導功能,就我國對無名屍民事權利的保護途徑,從審判程式上提出了具體的 意見。關鍵詞:無名屍;民事權利;司法保護

Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem oft unaufklärbaren und als Black Box bezeichneten Kausalitätsproblem bei der Haftung für ärztliche Behandlungsfehler. Es gibt dafür grundsätzlich zwei Lösungsansätze, nämlich das Alles-oder-nichts-Prinzip und die anteilige Haftung. Ersteres findet sich zwar in Form der Beweislastumkehr bei grobem Behandlungsfehler im geltenden Recht, es gibt dafür aber keine überzeugende dogmatische Begründung. Letztere hingegen ist an sich logisch schlüssig und konsequent, zumindest in Form der Haftung für verlorene Chancen. Aus rechtsökonomischer Sicht kann das Alles-oder-nichts-Prinzip im geltenden Recht ebenso effizient sein wie die anteilige Haftung, wenn die Rechtsdurchsetzungskosten berücksichtigt werden. Ein Vergleich der Grundgedanken des deutschen und chinesischen Rechts ergibt, dass die anteilige Haftung im chinesischen Arzthaftungsrecht auf der falschen Annahme basiert, dass die Kausalität zwischen dem Behandlungsfehler und dem Schaden stets aufklärbar ist. / »Proportional Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases« -- This book deals with two possible solutions to the problem of uncertain causation between medical error and the damage suffered by the patient under German law – the pro rata liability rule and the all-or-nothing rule. Two interesting results: Firstly, the all-or-nothing rule could be as efficient as the pro rata liability rule; secondly, the Chinese medical malpractice law adopts a pro rata liability rule, which empirically did not work well und is theoretically based on many false assumptions

Efficient ship detection is essential to the strategies of commerce and military. However, traditional ship detection methods have low detection efficiency and poor reliability due to uncertain conditions of the sea surface, such as the atmosphere, illumination, clouds and islands. Hence, in this study, a novel ship target automatic detection system based on a modified hypercomplex Flourier transform (MHFT) saliency model is proposed for spatial resolution of remote-sensing images. The method first utilizes visual saliency theory to effectively suppress sea surface interference. Then we use OTSU methods to extract regions of interest. After obtaining the candidate ship target regions, we get the candidate target using a method of ship target recognition based on ResNet framework. This method has better accuracy and better performance for the recognition of ship targets than other methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method not only accurately and effectively recognizes ship targets, but also is suitable for spatial resolution of remote-sensing images with complex backgrounds.

Benefiting from the inherent capacity for detecting longer wavelengths inaccessible to human eyes, infrared photodetectors have found numerous applications in both military and daily life, such as individual combat weapons, automatic driving sensors and night-vision devices. However, the imperfect material growth and incomplete device manufacturing impose an inevitable restriction on the further improvement of infrared photodetectors. The advent of artificial microstructures, especially metasurfaces, featuring with strong light field enhancement and multifunctional properties in manipulating the light–matter interactions on subwavelength scale, have promised great potential in overcoming the bottlenecks faced by conventional infrared detectors. Additionally, metasurfaces exhibit versatile and flexible integration with existing detection semiconductors. In this paper, we start with a review of conventionally bulky and recently emerging two-dimensional material-based infrared photodetectors, i.e., InGaAs, HgCdTe, graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and black phosphorus devices. As to the challenges the detectors are facing, we further discuss the recent progress on the metasurfaces integrated on the photodetectors and demonstrate their role in improving device performance. All information provided in this paper aims to open a new way to boost high-performance infrared photodetectors.