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The fast population ageing has generated and will continue to generate large social, economic and health challenges in the 21th century in Australia, and many other developed and developing countries. Population ageing is projected to lead to workforce shortages, welfare dependency, fiscal unsustainability, and a higher burden of chronic diseases on health care system. Promoting health and sustainable work capacity among mature age and older workers hence becomes the most important and critical way to address all these challenges. This paper used the pooled data from the longitudinal Household, Incomes and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey 2002–2011 data to investigate common and different factors predicting voluntary or involuntary workforce transitions among workers aged 45 to 64. Long term health conditions and preference to work less hours increased while having a working partner and proportion of paid years decreased both voluntary and involuntary work force transitions. Besides these four common factors, the voluntary and involuntary workforce transitions had very different underlying mechanisms. Our findings suggest that government policies aimed at promoting workforce participation at later life should be directed specifically to life-long health promotion and continuous employment as well as different factors driving voluntary and involuntary workforce transitions, such as life-long training, healthy lifestyles, work flexibility, ageing friendly workplace, and job security.

Intro -- Editors' Note -- Contents -- 1 Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Analysis and Suggestions -- 1.1 Main Issues -- 1.1.1 Issue 1: Most of the World's Poor Come from Middle-Income Countries -- 1.1.2 Issue 2: Inequality Is Increasing in Many Middle-Income Countries -- 1.1.3 Issue 3: Inequality May Hinder Development -- 1.2 Why Inequality Persists in Middle-Income Countries -- 1.3 Addressing Inequality in Middle-Income Countries: Policy, Practice and Case Studies -- 1.4 The Need for a Diversity of Policies to Reduce Inequality -- 1.4.1 Addressing Regional Inequalities -- 1.4.2 Addressing Inequalities in Health and Education -- 1.4.3 Changes in Fiscal Policy -- 1.4.4 Improving Social Protection -- 1.5 Summary -- References -- 2 Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction of China: Progress and Main Policies -- 2.1 Inclusive Growth in China: Experience and Key Features -- 2.1.1 Reform of the Economic System Promotes Rapid Economic Growth and Drives Large-Scale Poverty Reduction Across the Country (1978-2001) -- 2.1.2 Policy Adjustment Promotes Overall Planning of Urban and Rural Areas and Drives Balanced Development (2002-2010) -- 2.1.3 Building an Institutional System Promotes Inclusive Growth and Boosts Comprehensive, Coordinated and Sustainable Economic and Social Development (Since 2011) -- 2.2 Main Policies Promoting Inclusive Growth in China -- 2.2.1 Adjusting and Optimizing the Industrial Structure, and Emphatically Promoting the Transformation of the Economic Development Model -- 2.2.2 Improving the Quality and Ability of Workers, and Creating More Employment and Development Opportunities -- 2.3 Employment and Social Security Policies for Migrant Population -- 2.4 Labor Transfer and Training -- 2.4.1 Adjusting Income Distribution to Narrow the Income Gap -- 2.5 Policy Concerning Individual Income Tax.

Luojia1-01 satellite is the first scientific experimental satellite applied for night-time light remote sensing data acquisition, and the payload is an optical camera with high sensitivity, high radiation measurement accuracy and stable elements of interior orientation. At the same time, a special shaped hood is designed, which significantly improved the ability of the camera to suppress stray light. Camera electronics adopts the integrated design of focal plane and imaging processing, which greatly reduces the volume and weight of the system. In this paper, the design of the optical camera is summarized, and the results of in-orbit imaging performance tests are analyzed. The results show that the dynamic modulation transfer function (MTF) of the camera is better than 0.17, and the SNR is better than 35 dB under the condition of 10 lx illuminance and 0.3 reflectivity and all indicators meet the design requirements. The data obtained have been widely applied in many fields such as the process of urbanization, light pollution analysis, marine fisheries detection and military.