Die EU führt zum 1. Oktober 2023 ein CO2-Grenzausgleichssystem (CBAM) ein. Die Grundidee besteht darin, im Ausland produzierte emissionsintensive Güter mit dem gleichen CO2-Preis zu belegen wie in der EU hergestellte Güter. Damit soll verhindert werden, dass die heimische Industrie, die im Rahmen des EU-ETS steigende CO2-Kosten zu tragen hat, in Länder ohne vergleichbare CO2-Bepreisung verlagert wird. Dies wäre nicht im Sinne des Klimaschutzes. Das Factsheet erklärt Ziele und Funktionsweise des neuen Klimaschutzinstruments.
The EU will introduce a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) on October 1, 2023. The main idea is to apply the same carbon price to imported emission-intensive goods as if they had been produced under EU carbon pricing rules (EU ETS). This is intended to prevent the relocation of domestic industry, which has to bear rising CO2 costs within the EU ETS, to countries without comparable carbon pricing. This would not protect the climate. The factsheet explains the objectives and functioning of the new climate protection instrument.
Der geplante CO2-Grenzausgleichsmechanismus der EU (CBAM) umfasst nach Vorschlag der EU- Kommission nicht die Ausfuhren aus der EU. Wenn bei der Produktion in der EU Kosten durch den Europäischen Emissionshandel (EU-ETS) entstehen und beim Export kein Ausgleich dieser Kosten vorgenommen wird, kann dies die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit europäischer Exporte senken. Die vorliegende Analyse soll helfen, die Auswirkungen des CBAM auf die betroffenen Industriebranchen in Deutschland in Bezug auf die Exporte einzuordnen. Dazu werden die Exportintensität der jeweiligen Industrieprodukte ermittelt und die Kosten für den Zukauf von Zertifikaten ins Verhältnis zum durchschnittlichen Wert der Exporte der jeweiligen Produktgruppe gesetzt.
This analysis is intended to contribute to classifying the effects of the introduction of the CBAM on the affected industrial sectors in Germany in relation to exports. It analyses the export intensity and the costs for the purchase of certificates compared to the average value of exports of the respective product group.
The principle of equity plays an important role in the Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement. Equity is considered in the assessment of where Parties stand collectively, and the Global Stocktake informs Parties how they can increase ambition and address equity in their new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). This paper discusses several concepts which can guide the distribution of mitigation efforts, adaptation actions, and means of implementation and support, namely the concepts of responsibility, capabilities, egalitarianism and sufficientarianism. The application of one concept only may not be sufficient to ensure equitable and ambitious climate action. In all areas of climate action, it is critical to take into account individual capabilities, which are different from country to country. It is important to use all available capabilities and opportunities and to increase them. Support plays a critical role in enhancing and facilitating the use of available capabilities. The outputs and outcomes of the Global Stocktake should address the importance of building trust and making a convincing case that a Party's response to climate change, including its new NDC, is fair and ambitious. In their new NDC targets, Parties should take into account their contribution to climate change, e.g., measured in greenhouse gas emissions per capita. In addition, Parties with high capabilities (e.g., measured in gross domestic product per capita) should make use of their resources to pursue ambitious climate action and to provide support to Parties with limited capabilities.
