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This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this record ; This paper discusses the emerging field of nutritional psychology and provides an update on the now completed EU‐funded MooDFOOD depression prevention randomised controlled trial that assessed the effects of two nutrition‐based interventions for the prevention of depression in overweight or obese adults with at least mild symptoms of depression. We first outline the problem of major depression, the most common form of psychopathology and the largest contributor to global disability, and then give an overview of the connection between nutrition and depression; separating the evidence according to prevention and treatment of depression. The extant literature is reviewed, and we examine the implications for both prevention and treatment. Questions are posed for further research in this emerging and important area. ; European Union FP7

This is the final version. Available from Wiley via the DOI in this record. ; The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. ; Background: There is ambiguity on how omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with depression, and what the temporality of the association might be. The present study aimed to examine whether (intervention-induced changes in) n-3 PUFA levels were associated with (changes in) depressive symptoms. Methods: Baseline, 6- and 12-month follow-up data on 682 overweight and subclinically depressed persons from four European countries that participated in the MooDFOOD depression prevention randomized controlled trial were used. Participants were allocated to four intervention groups: (a) placebos, (b) placebos and food-related behavioral activation therapy (F-BA), (c) multinutrient supplements (fish oil and multivitamin), and (d) multinutrient supplements and F-BA. Depressive symptoms were measured using the inventory of depressive symptomatology. PUFA levels (µmol/L) were measured using gas chromatography. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle, and somatic health. Results: Increases in n-3 PUFA, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid levels over time were significantly larger in the supplement groups than in placebo groups. Change in PUFA levels was not significantly associated with the change in depressive symptoms (β =.002, SE = 0.003, p =.39; β =.003, SE = 0.005, p =.64; β =.005, SE = 0.005, p =.29; β = −.0002, SE = 0.0004, p =.69). Baseline PUFA levels did not modify the intervention effects on depressive symptoms. Conclusions: In overweight and subclinical depressed persons, multinutrient supplements led to significant increases in n-3 PUFA levels over time, which were not associated with changes in depressive symptoms. Multinutrient supplements do not seem to be an effective preventive strategy in lowering depressive symptoms over time in these at-risk groups. ; European Union ; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this record ; Background: Meta-analysis of observational studies concluded that soft drinks may increase the risk of depression, while high consumption of coffee and tea may reduce the risk. Objectives were to explore the associations between the consumption of soft drinks, coffee or tea and: (1) a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and (2) the severity of depressive symptoms clusters (mood, cognitive and somatic/vegetative symptoms). Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis based on baseline and 12-month-follow-up data collected from four countries participating in the European MooDFOOD prevention trial. In total, 941 overweight adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms aged 18 to 75 years were analyzed. History of MDD, depressive symptoms and beverages intake were assessed. Results: Sugar-sweetened soft drinks were positively related to MDD history rates whereas soft drinks with non-nutritive sweeteners were inversely related for the high vs. low categories of intake. Longitudinal analysis showed no significant associations between beverages and mood, cognitive and somatic/vegetative clusters. Conclusion: Our findings point toward a relationship between soft drinks and past MDD diagnoses depending on how they are sweetened while we found no association with coffee and tea. No significant effects were found between any studied beverages and the depressive symptoms clusters in a sample of overweight adults. ; European Union FP7 ; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)

Based on many clinical and preclinical findings the 'vigilance regulation model of mania' postulates that an unstable regulation of wakefulness is a pathogenetic factor in both mania and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and induces hyperactivity and sensation seeking as an autoregulatory attempt to stabilize wakefulness. Accordingly, stimulant medications with their vigilance stabilizing properties could have rapid antimanic effects similar to their beneficial effects in ADHD. The MEMAP study – a multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial (RCT) – assessed the antimanic efficacy and safety of a 2.5-day treatment with methylphenidate (20–40 mg/day). Of 157 screened patients with acute mania, 42 were randomly assigned to receive 20–40 mg per day of methylphenidate in one or two applications, or placebo. The primary outcome was the change in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) sum scores from baseline to day 2.5 in the methylphenidate group compared to the placebo group. A group sequential design was chosen to justify early RCT termination based on efficacy or futility at an interim analysis after inclusion of 40 patients. In the interim analysis, the change from baseline in the YMRS total score at day 2.5 was not significantly different between both groups (F(1,37)=0.23; p=0.64). Thus, futility was declared for methylphenidate and the RCT was stopped. In summary, although methylphenidate was well tolerated and safe in the full analysis set, it failed to show efficacy in the treatment of acute mania. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; registration number: NCT01541605). ; The work was supported by a grant of the Spanish 'Ministerio de Sanidad, Politica Social e Igualdad' (Ministry of Health, Social Politics and Equality), EC10-110, EC10-297, EC10-333 and EC10-064, and by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III of Spain (CIBERSAM), grant 11INT2 which had been provided after a peer review process. The funding source had no rule in the study ...

More than 150,000 in Europe and 800,000 people worldwide, die every year by suicide (WHO, 2015), accounting for 1·4% of all annual deaths. Suicide is the second, and in some European countries even the first leading cause of death amongst young people aged 15-24 years (WHO, 2015), thus exceeding the number of accidental deaths.The European parliament resolution on Mental Health 2008/2209 (INI) adopted a series of recommendations for European member states. It proposed areas for priority action as defined in the European Pact on Mental Health and Well-Being. Recently, 29 suicide prevention experts from 17 European countries (The Task Force for the European Evidence-Based Suicide Prevention Program, EESPP) performed a systematic review of evidence for the effectiveness of suicide prevention interventions that has been published over the last decade. During three face-to-face meetings, the EESPP group developed a consensus declaration that, based on the findings of the systematic reviews, summarizes the minimal requirements for a national suicide prevention programs and of the strategies to employ.

Background: Internet-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) is found effective in treating common mental disorders. However, the use of these interventions in routine care is limited. The international ImpleMentAll study is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme. It is concerned with studying and improving methods for implementing evidence-based iCBT services for common mental disorders in routine mental health care. A digitally accessible implementation toolkit (ItFits-toolkit) will be introduced to mental health care organizations with the aim to facilitate the ongoing implementation of iCBT services within local contexts. This study investigates the effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit by comparing it to implementation-as-usual activities. Methods: A stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (SWT) design will be applied. Over a trial period of 30 months, the ItFits-toolkit will be introduced sequentially in twelve routine mental health care organizations in primary and specialist care across nine countries in Europe and Australia. Repeated measures are applied to assess change over time in the outcome variables. The effectiveness of the ItFits-toolkit will be assessed in terms of the degree of normalization of the use of the iCBT services. Several exploratory outcomes including uptake of the iCBT services will be measured to feed the interpretation of the primary outcome. Data will be collected via a centralized data collection system and analysed using generalized linear mixed modelling. A qualitative process evaluation of routine implementation activities and the use of the ItFits-toolkit will be conducted within this study. Discussion: The ImpleMentAll study is a large-scale international research project designed to study the effectiveness of tailored implementation. Using a SWT design that allows to examine change over time, this study will investigate the effect of tailored implementation on the normalization of the use of iCBT services and their uptake. It will provide a better understanding of the process and methods of tailoring implementation strategies. If found effective, the ItFits-toolkit will be made accessible for mental health care service providers, to help them overcome their context-specific implementation challenges. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03652883. Retrospectively registered on 29 August 2018