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This report examines Chinese views about the military balance of power between China and the United States in the Western Pacific. It argues that while there is no single "Chinese" view on this topic, Chinese analysts tend to agree that 1) the gap between the two militaries has narrowed significantly in recent years, 2) the Chinese military still lags in important ways, and 3) Chinese military inferiority vis-à-vis the U.S. increases the further away it operates from the Mainland. In terms of specific areas of relative strength, the Chinese military has shown the greatest improvements in military hardware, but has farther to go in the area of jointness, training, and other military "software." Nevertheless, despite continued criticism from senior civilian leaders, training quality has likely improved due to a greater focus on realism, and recent military reforms have, to a degree, improved the prospects for jointness. ; https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-maritime-reports/1013/thumbnail.jpg

Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Foreword; Bios; Part I Background and History; 1 China and the Developing World: A New Global Dynamic; 2 Expanding the â#x80;#x9C;Strategic Peripheryâ#x80;#x9D;: A History of Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Interaction with the Developing World; Part II Regional Profiles; 3 Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Strategy in Southeast Asia; 4 Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Strategy in Central Asia; 5 Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Strategy in South Asia; 6 Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Strategy in Africa; 7 Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Strategy in the Middle East and the Arab World; 8 Chinaâ#x80;#x99;s Strategy in Latin America and the Caribbean; Part III Conclusion.

Abstract
The growth of Chinese military power poses significant challenges to Japan. China's military spending, which was half that of Japan's in 1996, is now three and a half times as large. Japan has taken a range of measures to buttress its military forces and loosen the restrictions on their operations, but much remains to be done. Most important, Tokyo needs to reexamine its strategy to maximize Japan's deterrent leverage. Of the three general approaches to conventional deterrence—punishment, forward defense, and denial—Japan's best option is to shift to a denial strategy. Such a strategy, built around a resilient force that can survive attack and attrite an encroaching adversary, can make the risks to a potential attacker unacceptably high. In Japan's case, such a strategy would leverage the inherent dangers that Beijing would face in contemplating a prolonged war against Japan and its U.S. ally. The strategy, updated to reflect the imperatives of air and maritime warfare in the precision strike era, would require a high level of dispersion and mobility and might therefore be labeled "active denial." Adopting an active denial strategy would buttress Japan's defense and deterrent capability while reducing first-strike incentives and improving crisis stability.