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AbstractRealism takes many forms. The aim of this paper is to show that the "Critique of pure Reason" is the founding document of realism and that to the present-day Kant's discussion of realism has shaped the theoretical landscape of the debates over realism. Kant not only invents the now common philosophical term 'realism'. He also lays out the theoretical topography of the forms of realism that still frames our understanding of philosophical questions concerning reality. The paper explores this by analysis of Kant's methodological procedure to distinguish between empirical (i.e. nonmetaphysical) and transcendental (metaphysical) realism. This methodological procedure is still of great help in contemporary philosophy, although it has its limits.

The Kant Yearbook is an international journal that publishes articles, historical or systematic, on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. It is the Kant Yearbook´s goal to intensify innovative research on Kant on the international scale. Articles are double-blind peer reviewed by an internationally renowned editorial board. Each issue is dedicated to a specific topic announced through a call for papers. The third issue´s topic is "Anthropology".

Subsidiarity; Europe governance

Der aktuelle Stand der Forschung zu einem zentralen Terrain des Hegelschen Denkens wird hier umfassend ausgeleuchtet. Im Theoriegebäude Hegels nimmt gerade die Geschichtsphilosophie eine besonders wichtige Rolle ein, da aus ihren Annahmen unter anderem zentrale Aussagen der politischen Philosophie Hegels abgeleitet werden. Jeder, der sich in diesen bedeutenden Theoretiker einarbeiten will, muss deshalb über die wesentlichen Probleme seines geschichtsphilosophischen Denkens informiert sein. Dieser Sammelband bietet mit Beiträgen prominenter Hegel-Forscher einen umfassenden und die Diskussion weiterführenden Überblick: Erstens über Hegels Theorie der Philosophiegeschichte, zweitens über Hegels Darstellung und Auseinandersetzung mit der Geschichte der Philosophie von der Antike bis in seine eigene Gegenwart hinein, drittens über die Bedeutung seines Denkens für unsere Gegenwart.

Research on federalism is rarely concerned with its philosophical foundations. However, arguments on why and how best to organise a plurality of states in a multilevel political order have first been discussed by philosophers and continue to inspire contemporary reasoning on international and supranational relations not only in political philosophy. This book offers a unique overview of the philosophical foundations of federalism from both a historical and a systematic perspective. The analyses proposed by renowned scholars from the US and from several European countries cover classic writers such as Hobbes and the authors of the Federalist Papers, Kant and Rawls, and range from anthropological justifications of federal orders to contemporary problems of EU constitutionalism, the principle of subsidiarity and the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The book is of relevance to anyone interested in philosophical justifications of federalism.