Suchergebnisse

Analyses how, through their interactions with state structures, professionals have contributed to shaping differences in national policy profiles. Thus Germany initiated national health insurance, whereas Britain adopted the national health service. American lawyers utilized a less demarcated and entrepreneurial setting to continue to shape policies. (AFH)

It is difficult to know precisely the structure & org of the CDU except that it is fundamentally a heterogeneous party, which has federalist influence & which has lost many effective party members as have many other German parties since Jun 1948. What distinguishes the CDU from the Zentrum party of pre-WWII yrs is its bi-confessional characteristic. Even though Cath members outnumber the Protestant members 3:1, this can be explained by the fact that the Cath's, who have better defined goals, also have a more active clergy. The leaders of the party, in order to win over non-Cath voters, encourage the placing of Protestants in important positions, accomplishing this chiefly by running more Protestant candidates than the number of Protestant party members would warrant. Statistics indicate that the CDU does not represent all SC's. Workers, who are markedly underrepresented, are even fewer than in the immediate post-WWII yrs. The Mc makes up the major portion of the party, & the UMc is playing a more & more important role in the party. As a result the leaders of the CDU are are more representative of the extreme elements of the party. Regionally, half of the members of the party are from the Rhine provinces of North Westphalia. As a result, the CDU will have to, in the next few yrs, consolidate its gains, & it has, fortunately, become more & more aware of the problem of organizing its membership. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

The incidence of political corruption in communities characterized by distinct political obligation relationships is examined. Types of political obligation relationships are discussed, revealing four disparate communities: traditional kinship systems, conventional patron-client relations, employer-follower relations, & civic-culture systems. The extent of petty, routine, & aggravated corruption therein is analyzed. In addition, the willingness of wealthy elites & public opinion to tolerate politically corrupt practices is considered. Whereas public opinion generally tolerates all types of politically corrupt behavior in traditional kinship systems, other community types seem, to varying degrees, less tolerant of such behavior. 2 Tables. J. W. Parker

The connection between party finance processes & political corruption in the US & Western European & Asian nations is studied. Comparison of this connection in 20th-century Germany, Italy, & Japan illustrates common characteristics of nations plagued by party finance corruption. Data from the author's (1963) comparative study on party finance & from Transparency International Corruption Perception Index for 1995-1997 are used to rank the connection between party finance & political corruption in multiple Western & Asian nations. Analysis indicates a strong positive correlation between party finance & corruption in a majority of the nations under study. A multimodel framework that accounts for the various connections between party finance & corruption in the studied nations is presented. 2 Tables, 1 Figure, 33 References. J. W. Parker