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This book examines social inequalities in Europe, especially those caused by economic factors. It starts with the paradox of European inequality, where on the one hand, even total income inequality in Europe is significantly lower than in most parts of the world; but on the other, Europe is also characterised by profound and durable inequalities within the continent. It discusses inequalities caused by the exclusion of marginalised groups from the labour market, with considerable and sometimes increasing differences between central and peripheral regions, pronounced wealth and labour market inequalities, and significant rates of persistent poverty, deprivation, educational poverty, low wages and unemployment. The book also discusses broader territorial inequalities, which are the basis for divisions between Northern and Southern Europe, East and West, between qualified and unqualified employees, younger and older people, men and women, and migrants and non-migrants. The book raises questions about the winners and losers of the social transformations linked to the introduction of the Euro, the Eastern enlargement of the EU, and the financial and Eurozone crises. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of a European-wide microdata set on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The empirical research material, which is the first to deploy this data in a comprehensive manner, consists of detailed empirical analyses of social divisions and Europeanisation processes in 30 European countries. It analyses and explains the transformation of the previously dominant national spaces into a European social space. This topical book is of interest to academics and students in the fields of sociology and comparative social sciences, along with those studying European regional geography, anthropology, international relations, and international politics.

Soziale Ungleichheiten auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene -- Daten und Methoden -- Zwischen Konvergenz und Agglomeration. Wirtschaftliche Disparitäten in der EU -- Europäische Arbeitsmärkte zwischen Segmentierung und Aktivierung -- Lohnungleichheiten in der EU -- Europäisierung der Einkommensungleichheit vor und während der Krise in der Eurozone: inter-, supra- und transnationale Perspektiven -- Kumulierung und Konzentration von Armut und Ausgrenzung -- Bildung, Qualifikationen und soziale Mobilität -- Der gesellschaftliche Zusammenhalt in Europa. Zwischen europaweiter Konvergenz und sozialer Spaltung -- Anhang: Die verwendeten Variablen, ihre Operationalisierung und ihre Quellen.

This book examines social inequalities in Europe, especially those caused by economic factors. It starts with the paradox of European inequality, where on the one hand, even total income inequality in Europe is significantly lower than in most parts of the world; but on the other, Europe is also characterised by profound and durable inequalities within the continent. It discusses inequalities caused by the exclusion of marginalised groups from the labour market, with considerable and sometimes increasing differences between central and peripheral regions, pronounced wealth and labour market inequalities, and significant rates of persistent poverty, deprivation, educational poverty, low wages and unemployment. The book also discusses broader territorial inequalities, which are the basis for divisions between Northern and Southern Europe, East and West, between qualified and unqualified employees, younger and older people, men and women, and migrants and non-migrants. The book raises questions about the winners and losers of the social transformations linked to the introduction of the Euro, the Eastern enlargement of the EU, and the financial and Eurozone crises. It is based on a comprehensive analysis of a European-wide microdata set on income and living conditions (EU-SILC). The empirical research material, which is the first to deploy this data in a comprehensive manner, consists of detailed empirical analyses of social divisions and Europeanisation processes in 30 European countries. It analyses and explains the transformation of the previously dominant national spaces into a European social space. This topical book is of interest to academics and students in the fields of sociology and comparative social sciences, along with those studying European regional geography, anthropology, international relations, and international politics.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of contributors -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction: the transnationalisation of daily life and social fields in Europe -- Part I Theoretical overview -- 2 The Europeanisation of social fields and the social space: a theoretical framework -- Part II The Europeanisation of social space -- 3 How strong is European welfare solidarity? Results from a comparative survey conducted in 13 EU Member States -- 4 Free to move: the evolution of the European migration network, 1960-2017 -- 5 The Europeanisation of income and labour market inequality during the eurozone crisis -- Part III The Europeanisation of social fields -- 6 The contested Europeanisation of collective bargaining fields -- 7 Europeanisation and global academic capitalism: The case of the European Research Council -- 8 A European field of public administration? Administrative cooperation of asylum agencies in the Dublin system -- 9 Europeanisation at home? Features and obstacles of domestic EU professionalism -- Part IV Summary and outlook -- 10 Architectures, modes and conflicts: The Europeanisation of social fields and the social space -- Index.

Europe has become a dominant frame for the generation, regulation and perception of social inequalities. This trend was solidified by the current economic crisis, which is characterized by increasing inequalities between central and peripheral countries and groups. By analysing the double polarization between winners and losers of the crisis, the segmentation of labour markets and the perceived quality of life in Europe, this book contributes to a better understanding of patterns and dynamics of inequality in an integrated Europe. --

Die europaische Integration fuhrte insbesondere seit den 1990er Jahren zu einer grundlegenden Transformation der sozialen Beziehungen und der Lebenssituation der Menschen in Europa. Wahrend sich das Leben der Menschen in der Nachkriegszeit vorrangig im Rahmen von Nationalstaaten abspielte, geht die Offnung nationalstaatlicher Raume mit einer zunehmenden grenzuberschreitenden Verflechtung und einer starkeren transnationalen Integration sozialer Interaktionen, Einstellungen und Deutungen einher. Nicht nur Politik und Wirtschaft, sondern auch die europaischen Gesellschaften sind in den letzten Jahrzehnten sehr eng zusammengewachsen. Dieses transnationale Vergesellschaftungsmuster ist eine der Ursachen fur die spezifische Form der Finanzmarkt- und Wahrungskrise, die Europa seit 2008 erschuttert. In diesem Sammelband prasentieren 12 der profiliertesten Europaforscher aus dem In- und Ausland ihre aktuellen Arbeiten zur Krise innerhalb Europas und entwickeln dabei eigenstandige soziologische Perspektiven.

Multinational companies are crucial actors in a global knowledge-based economy, combining the advantages of global and locally coordinated production and innovation strategies with specific regional and national factors. This book questions how MNCs can best exploit institutionally embedded knowledge, explores the utilization of external institutionally embedded knowledge in corporate innovation processes, and addresses the challenges of embeddedness. -- The expert contributors draw on managerial, economic, geographic and sociological perspectives to explore the essential roles of regional and national knowledge infrastructures and the cultural and political environment of MNCs. They build upon, update, and extend the discussion on the regional and national embeddedness of MNCs with new country case studies and comparative analyses, focussing on the relationship between innovation in companies and regional studies. Significantly, the book also establishes a link between two important debates that have hitherto been largely disconnected: Regional studies and international business studies separately address issues that fall within the scope of the book, but do not provide an integrated analysis of the embeddedness of MNCs. -- 'This wonderful volume brings together contributions mainly from the innovation literature, whose findings are in a sense quite familiar, but which in this collection are juxtaposed in such a way as to highlight their common institutional underpinnings. This is very much due to the efforts of the editor, whose insightful introduction and editorial vision brings out several interesting and emerging themes from this collection of papers. I think this volume breaks new ground in highlighting the embeddedness of MNE subsidiaries in multiple contexts, and it will be of considerable interest to scholars engaged with institutional analysis. However, I also believe that researchers interested in regional embeddedness, the geography of innovation, and knowledge management will find new angles to their work in this collected volume.' (Sarianna M. Lundan, University of Bremen, Germany).

1. Introduction : regional learning in multinational enterprises -- 2. Innovation in multinational enterprises : between organisational control and social embeddedness -- 3. The methodological approach -- 4. The corporate dimension of innovation : an interplay between formalisation and flexibilisation, and concentration and dispersal -- 5. The regional embeddedness of corporate innovation -- 6. Regionalised innovation policies in Germany and France -- 7. Similarities and differences of leadership and cooperation in German and French innovation projects : a contrastive perspective -- 8. Patterns of industrial R&D across Europe -- 9. A multiterritorial approach to corporate innovation in MNEs : concluding remarks.

The crucial actors of a global knowledge-based economy are multinational enterprises (MNEs). MNEs depend on the embeddedness in an institutional framework; their competitive advantage depends on the cross-border utilisation of regional and national capabilities. The innovativeness of a company is therefore based also on regional innovation systems. Multinational Enterprises and Innovation contributes to a better understanding of the interconnectedness between organisational and regional learning. On the basis of case studies in Germany and France, this volume investigates how MNEs cope with technical, economic and institutional uncertainties by drawing upon the complementary strengths of organisational and regional networks in national and European contexts. The book links two theoretical debates which are currently still largely disconnected -- the debate on learning processes in MNEs and the debate on the regional bases of innovativeness and competitiveness -- answering the question of how the internationalisation of R & D is reconciled with regional competences.

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