Biogenetic Paradoxes of the Nation: Finncattle, Apples, and Other Genetic‐Resource Puzzles by SakariTamminen Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019. 272 pp
In: American anthropologist: AA, Band 123, Heft 2, S. 443-444
ISSN: 1548-1433
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In: American anthropologist: AA, Band 123, Heft 2, S. 443-444
ISSN: 1548-1433
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 34, S. 183-192
ISSN: 0264-8377
In: Land use policy, Band 34
ISSN: 0264-8377
In: Land use policy: the international journal covering all aspects of land use, Band 77, S. 322-331
ISSN: 0264-8377
Previous literature on social equity has focused on procedure, distribution and recognition related to land use governance. We propose novel approach to examine social equity by following ideational turn with an aim to explore globally used and locally persistent myths that (mis)inform governance in practice and effect on the three dimensions of social equity for reindeer herding in northern Finland. We take synthetizing approach and elaborate and employ a comparative cognitive mapping method to classify the reviewed literature according to its linkage to the three dimensions of social equity, and type of relationship (utilizing, questioning, contextualizing) to the examined four myths. The myths of "tragedy of the commons", "non-human wilderness ideal", "noble savages", and "majority will constituting democracy" are persistently used in land use governance mainly because they provide justifications for furthering particular interest. Yet, these myths are also widely questioned due to the problems that their employment produces for reindeer herders. Furthermore, the background assumptions of the myths are often somewhat problematic. We discuss reinterpretation of these myths revolving around 1) a holistic approach, 2) considering non-indigenous local people as noble savages, 3) problems of melding herders as a stakeholder group similar to other groups, 4) steps from majority democracy towards self-governance, 5) whether social equity can be bought, and 6) biocultural diversity. These reinterpretations can inform land use policy and governance also beyond the case study. Therefore, critical view on the explanatory and constitutive powers of myths should be part of the portfolios to achieve social equity. ; ReiGN, Nordforsk
BASE
In: Science and public policy: journal of the Science Policy Foundation, Band 47, Heft 2, S. 161-171
ISSN: 1471-5430
We examine roles and knowledge by which researchers can enhance connections between science, policy, and society. We arranged a participatory scenario workshop with representatives from environmental administration to discuss how different land-use governance arrangements link to sustainability of reindeer herding in northern Finland. We used fast track scenarios as boundary objects that aimed to bring reindeer herders' problem definitions to be discussed with administrators. First, we performed the role of science arbiter by using our previous research with reindeer herders as the starting point for the discussions. Next, we discussed and elaborated diverse future alternatives via the role of honest broker. Finally, we were interpreted as issue advocates because the scenario exercise reduced the scope of preferable policy options for administrators. Performing these boundary-spanning roles in the same process, but each, in turn, enables researchers to offer views on sustainability via scenarios that break easily acceptable conventions.
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 21, Heft 4
ISSN: 1708-3087
In: Horstkotte , T , Heikkinen , H I , Warg Næss , M , Landauer , M , Forbes , B C , Risvoll , C & Sarkki , S 2022 , Implications of norms and knowledge in customary reindeer herding units for resource governance . in T Horstkotte , Ø Holand , J Kumpula & J Moen (eds) , Reindeer husbandry and global environmental change : Pastoralism in Fennoscandia . Routledge , pp. 133-149 . https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003118565-11
Pastoralist societies have developed customary institutions to respond to an unpredictable environment and fluctuation in grazing resources for their livestock. This chapter describes how reindeer herders' customary institutions, including laws, norms and rights embedded in social networks, as well as traditional knowledge, structure these responses. Furthermore, it analyses how reindeer herders' customary institutions are integrated into state governance of natural resources or recognized in national legislation. Central to the chapter is the Sámi siida and the corresponding Finnish tokkakunta – both represent customary herding groups that seek to balance the relationship between human–reindeer units to the spatial and temporal availability of grazing resources. The need for revitalization and a better understanding of reindeer herders' customary institutions is identified, as well as an increased recognition of their traditional knowledge in resource management and land use planning to increase the resilience of reindeer husbandry to the cumulative challenges of climate change and resource extraction.
BASE
In: International journal of sociotechnology and knowledge development: IJSKD ; an official publication of the Information Resources Management Association, Band 6, Heft 4, S. 1-17
ISSN: 1941-6261
The authors have empirically examined the persuasive properties of digital games from a multidisciplinary perspective. Besides the relevant cultural and psychological theories related to the game phenomenon, the authors have included a case study where a persuasive online activation service was tested among young men (N=280, average 17.9 year old) in the promotion of physical and social activity. The emphasis of the article is on qualitative material, which is based on in-depth interviews of 10 individuals, as well as participant observation considering the user experiences regarding the activation service and gaming in general. The authors have concluded that games contain persuasive characteristics based on human culture and psychology and that these characteristics could effectively be utilized in physically and socially activating games.