Suchergebnisse

Despite the undisputed existence of antisemitic incidents in sport, little is known about their exact prevalence and forms of manifestation. Also in Germany, physical and verbal attacks against Jewish sports clubs have repeatedly come to light. To estimate the prevalence of antisemitic incidents in German grassroot sports, a standardised online survey was conducted among members of Jewish sports clubs in Germany (N = 309, data collection 3 November 2020 to 24 January 2021). Results show an accumulation of cases in football: more than two-thirds (68%) of the football players have experienced an antisemitic incident at least once, while the share in other sports is only 14%. The results indicate that football offers a particularly large number of constellations that lead to the expression of antisemitic patterns. At its core, football is shaped by a clash of group identities. It is widely accepted that opponents and their supporters are devalued through aggressive and emotionalized behaviour. A tendency towards underreporting can furthermore be observed in dealing with the incidents, among other reasons due to a significant proportion of those surveyed do not trust the sanction mechanisms of the sports associations – this in turn applies to footballers and non-footballers.

Objectives: To investigate whether unintended muscle activity induced by motor overflow can result in the unintentional discharge of a firearm. Background: In the past few years an increasing number of people have been injured, sometimes fatally, as a result of police weapons being discharged involuntarily. Methods: Two experiments were performed using a pistol fitted with sensors to register the pressure exerted on the hand stock and the trigger. In Study 1, 34 police officers reacted to a set case using the prepared pistol. In Study 2, 25 participants performed 13 tasks requiring the use of different limbs. Results: In Study 1, about 20% of participating officers made contact with the trigger, thus violating police regulations to keep the trigger finger outside the trigger guard at all times until a conscious decision to fire has been made. Study 2 showed that motor activity in different limbs leads to a significant increase in grip force exerted on a firearm (significant results for 12 of 13 trials, Bonferroni-corrected p < .004). Furthermore, pressure on the trigger resulting from involuntary muscle contractions was, in certain cases, sufficient to unintentionally discharge a weapon. Conclusion: Unintentional discharges attributable to involuntary muscle activity can be a real danger for police officers when carrying out their duties. Application: Results may help improve police training with the aim of reducing the danger of involuntary discharges in real-life situations.

Zusammenfassung
Ehrenamtliches Engagement im Sportverein bietet viele Lern- und Entwicklungschancen. So kann es auch die (Sozial-)Integration von Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund (MmMH) unterstützten. Diese sind allerdings in ehrenamtlichen Positionen seit Jahren unterrepräsentiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert mit Bezug auf die zugrunde liegenden Lernprozesse, welche Entwicklungs- und Integrationspotentiale für MmMH im ehrenamtlichen Engagement gesehen und von den Engagierten angestrebt werden. Die leitfadengestützten Interviews (N=10) sowie die Gruppendiskussion (N=5) weisen zwar auf Bedingungen hin, die den Weg ins Ehrenamt für MmMH erschweren und die besagte Unterrepräsentanz begründen. Sie bestätigen aber auch, dass im ehrenamtlichen Engagement viele alltagsrelevante Kompetenzen erworben werden können. Sportvereine könnten diesen Mehrwert proaktiver kommunizieren, um mehr MmMH den Zugang zum Ehrenamt und zu den damit verbundenen Möglichkeiten des Kompetenzgewinns zu eröffnen.