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"Oil Spaces traces petroleum's impact through a range of territories from across the world, showing how industrially drilled petroleum and its refined products have played a major role in transforming the built environment in ways that are often not visible or recognized. Over the past century and a half, industrially drilled petroleum has powered factories, built cities, and sustained nation-states. It has fueled ways of life and visions of progress, modernity, and disaster. In detailed international case studies, the contributors consider petroleum's role in the built environment and the imagination. They study how petroleum and its infrastructure have served as a source of military conflict and political and economic power, inspiring efforts to create territories and reshape geographies and national boundaries. The authors trace ruptures and continuities between colonial and post-colonial frameworks, in locations as diverse as Sumatra, northeast China, Brazil, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Kuwait, as well as heritage sites including former power stations in Italy and the port of Dunkirk, once a prime gateway through which petroleum entered Europe. By revealing petroleum's role in organizing and imagining space globally, this book takes up a key task in imagining the possibilities of a post-oil future. It will be invaluable reading to scholars and students of architectural and urban history, planning, and geography of sustainable urban environments."

Examines the need and prospects for a UBI As jobs disappear and wages flat-line, paid work is an increasingly fragile and unattainable basis for dignified life. This predicament, deepened by the COVID-19 pandemic, is sparking urgent debates about alternatives such as a universal basic income (UBI). Highly topical and distinctive in its approach, In the Balance: The Case for a Universal Basic Income in South Africa and Beyond is the most rounded and up-to-date examination yet of the need and prospects for a UBI in a global South setting such as South Africa. Hein Marais casts the debate about a UBI in the wider context of the dispossessing pressures of capitalism and the onrushing turmoil of global warming, pandemics and social upheaval. Marais surveys the meaning, history and appeal of a UBI before even-handedly weighing the case for and against such an intervention. The book explores the vexing questions a UBI raises about the relationship of paid work to social rights, about prevailing notions of entitlement and dependency, and the role of the state in contemporary capitalism. Along with cost estimates for different versions of a basic income in South Africa, it discusses financing options and lays out the social, economic and political implications. This incisive new book advances both our theoretical and practical understanding of the prospects for a UBI

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1 Introduction: The Problem of Responsibility Voids -- 1.1 Responsibility Voids -- 1.2 Collective Responsibility and Gaps -- 1.3 Methodology -- References -- 2 Games and Agency -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Deontic Games -- 2.3 An Introduction to Stit Theory -- 2.3.1 Agency in Branching Time -- 2.3.2 Atemporal Stit Models -- 2.4 Correspondence Between Stit Models and Games -- 2.5 Discussion: Agentive Responsibility Systems -- Appendix A: Games and Agency -- References -- 3 Collective Obligations, Group Plans, and Individual Actions -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Individual and Collective Obligations -- 3.3 Group Plans and Member Obligations -- 3.3.1 Updating Deontic Games by Group Plans -- 3.4 Good Plans and Bad Plans -- 3.4.1 Optimal Plans -- 3.4.2 Interchangeable Plans -- 3.4.3 Updates with Optimal and Interchangeable Plans -- 3.5 Good* Plans and Collective Deontic Admissibility -- 3.6 Discussion: Objective Responsibility System Based on Dominance Theory -- Appendix B: Collective Obligations, Group Plans, and Individual Actions -- References -- 4 Guilty Minds and Collective Know-how -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Epistemic Stit Models -- 4.3 Individual Practical Knowledge -- 4.3.1 Action Hierarchies -- 4.3.2 Knowingly Doing -- 4.3.3 Individual Know-how -- 4.4 Related Research on Knowledge and Ability -- 4.4.1 Ex Ante, Interim, and Ex Post Knowledge -- 4.4.2 Logics of Ability: Uniform Strategies and Action Types -- 4.4.3 The Philosophical Debate on Intellectualism -- 4.5 Collective Know-how -- 4.6 Related Artificial Intelligence Research -- 4.6.1 AI Planning and Hierarchical Planning -- 4.6.2 Agent-Based Artificial Intelligence -- 4.6.3 Logics of Knowledge and Action -- 4.7 Discussion: Informational Responsibilty System -- Appendix C: Guilty Minds and Collective Know-how -- C.1 Epistemic Stit Theory.

Oil Spaces traces petroleum's impact through a range of territories from across the world, showing how industrially drilled petroleum and its refined products have played a major role in transforming the built environment in ways that are often not visible or recognized. Over the past century and a half, industrially drilled petroleum has powered factories, built cities, and sustained nation-states. It has fueled ways of life and visions of progress, modernity, and disaster. In detailed international case studies, the contributors consider petroleum's role in the built environment and the imagination. They study how petroleum and its infrastructure have served as a source of military conflict and political and economic power, inspiring efforts to create territories and reshape geographies and national boundaries. The authors trace ruptures and continuities between colonial and postcolonial frameworks, in locations as diverse as Sumatra, northeast China, Brazil, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Kuwait as well as heritage sites including former power stations in Italy and the port of Dunkirk, once a prime gateway through which petroleum entered Europe. By revealing petroleum's role in organizing and imagining space globally, this book takes up a key task in imagining the possibilities of a post-oil future. It will be invaluable reading to scholars and students of architectural and urban history, planning, and geography of sustainable urban environments.

Introduction: Connecting Water and Heritage for the Future -- PART I: Drinking Water -- Silent and Unseen: Stewardship of Water Infrastructural Heritage -- The Qanat System: A Reflection on the Heritage of the Extraction of Hidden Waters -- Studying Ancient Water Management in Monte Albán, Mexico, to Solve Water Issues, Improve Urban Living, and Protect Heritage in the Present -- Thirsty Cities: Learning from Dutch Water Supply Heritage -- PART II: Agricultural Water -- Water Meadows as European Agricultural Heritage -- Holler Colonies and the Altes Land: A vivid example of the importance of European intangible and tangible heritage -- Archaic Water: the role of a legend in constructing the water management heritage of Sanbonkihara, Japan -- How Citizens Reshaped a Plan for an Aerotropolis and Preserved the Water Heritage System of the Taoyuan Tableland -- PART III: Land Reclamation and Defense -- Reassessing Heritage: Contradiction and Discrepancy between Fishery and Agriculture in planning the Hachirogata Polder and its Surrounding Lagoon in Mid-20th Century Japan -- The Noordoostpolder: A landscape planning perspective on the preservation and development of 20th century polder landscapes in the Netherlands -- Europolders A European program on polder landscape, heritage, and innovation -- Hold the Line: The transformation of the New Dutch Waterline and the Future Possibilities of Heritage River and Coastal Planning -- PART IV: River and Coastal Planning -- 'Absent-present' heritage: the cultural heritage of dwelling on the Changjian (Yangtze) River -- Neglected and undervalued cultural heritage: Waterfronts and riverbanks of Alblasserwaard, the Netherlands -- Room for the River: Trend, Break, or Tradition? The Case of the Noordwaard -- Heritage in European Coastal Landscapes – Four Reasons for Interregional Knowledge Exchange -- PART V: Port Cities and Waterfronts -- The Impact of Planning Reform on Water-related Heritage Values and on Recalling Collective Maritime Identity of Port Cities: The Case of Rotterdam -- From HERITAGE to HERITAJE: How economic path dependencies in the Caribbean cruise destinations are distorting the uses of heritage architecture and urban form -- Using Heritage to Develop Sustainable Port-City Relationships: Lisbon's shift from Object-based to Landscape Approaches -- Towards A Cultural Heritage of Adaptation: A plea to embrace the heritage of a culture of risk, vulnerability and adaptation