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We must combine conservation of nature with benefits to society. Interview by Gaby Allheilig with Andreas Heinimann on IPBES' Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
On 6 May 2019, the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) presented its report on the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. The first such assessment since 2005, it concludes that biodiversity and ecosystem loss has reached the point where it threatens human well-being. The researchers involved recommend several urgent measures to political decision-makers. Andreas Heinimann of CDE was the one Swiss scientist who worked as a lead author on a chapter of the report.
BASE
Patterns of land system change in a Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspot
Growing demand for agricultural commodities like rubber or oil palm is causing rapid change in Southeast Asia's biodiversity-rich forested landscapes. This change is particularly pronounced in Myanmar, whose economy is developing at great speed after the end of decades-long economic and political isolation and armed conflicts. Interventions are needed to ensure that development is sustainable. Designing successful interventions requires spatially explicit knowledge of recent landscape changes. To provide such knowledge, we applied a landscape mosaic approach and analysed land system change in Tanintharyi Region in southern Myanmar between 2002 and 2016. Our findings show that nearly half of the study region experienced degradation of the vegetation cover, intensification of agricultural use, or a combination of both. Although intact forest was still the prevailing vegetation cover of land systems in Tanintharyi Region in 2016, it had suffered from degradation in wide parts of the region. Land systems without or with only extensive agricultural use in 2002 had become dominated by smallholders' shifting cultivation systems and permanent betel nut gardens and paddy rice fields by 2016. Elsewhere, smallholder dominated land systems were intensified through the expansion of oil palm and rubber plantations, pointing to potential displacement effects. The land system maps offer a sound basis for planning interventions to slow the degradation of biodiversity-rich forests and support smallholder farmers in coping with the fast-paced expansion of commercial cash crop plantations and its social and environmental impacts. Sustainable development in this global biodiversity hotspot requires careful land use planning to support nature and people, along with continued efforts for peace-building.
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Governing spillovers of agricultural land use through voluntary sustainability standards: A coverage analysis of sustainability requirements
In: Earth system governance, Band 14, S. 100158
ISSN: 2589-8116
Is economic growth increasing disparities?: a multidimensional analysis of poverty in the Lao PDR between 2003 and 2013
In: The journal of development studies, Band 53, Heft 12, S. 2067-2085
ISSN: 1743-9140
World Affairs Online
Is Economic Growth Increasing Disparities? A Multidimensional Analysis of Poverty in the Lao PDR between 2003 and 2013
In: The journal of development studies, Band 53, Heft 12, S. 2067-2085
ISSN: 1743-9140
Differences Between Monetary and Multidimensional Poverty in the Lao PDR: Implications for Targeting of Poverty Reduction Policies and Interventions
In: Poverty & public policy: a global journal of social security, income, aid, and welfare, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 171-197
ISSN: 1944-2858
Is Economic Growth Increasing Disparities? A Multidimensional Analysis of Poverty in the Lao PDR between 2003 and 2013
In: The journal of development studies: JDS, S. 1-19
ISSN: 0022-0388
Representing large-scale land acquisitions in land use change scenarios for the Lao PDR
In: Debonne , N , van Vliet , J , Verburg , P H & Heinimann , A 2018 , ' Representing large-scale land acquisitions in land use change scenarios for the Lao PDR ' , Regional Environmental Change , vol. 18 , no. 6 , pp. 1857–1869 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1316-8
Agricultural large-scale land acquisition (LSLA) is a process that is currently not captured by land change models. We present a novel land change modeling approach that includes processes governing LSLAs and simulates their interactions with other land systems. LSLAs differ from other land change processes in two ways: (1) their changes affect hundreds to thousands of contiguous hectares at a time, far surpassing other land change processes, e.g., smallholder agriculture, and (2) as policymakers value LSLA as desirable or undesirable, their agency significantly affects LSLA occurrence. To represent these characteristics in a land change model, we allocate LSLAs as multi-cell patches to represent them at scale while preserving detail in the representation of other dynamics. Moreover, LSLA land systems are characterized to respond to an explicit political demand for LSLA effects, in addition to a demand for various agricultural commodities. The model is applied to simulate land change in Laos until 2030, using three contrasting scenarios: (1) a target to quadruple the area of LSLA, (2) a moratorium for new LSLA, and (3) no target for LSLA. Scenarios yield drastically different land change trajectories despite having similar demands for agricultural commodities. A high level of LSLA impedes smallholders' engagement with rubber or cash crops, while a moratorium on LSLA results in increased smallholder involvement in cash cropping and rubber production. This model goes beyond existing land change models by capturing the heterogeneity of scales of land change processes and the competition between different land users instigated by LSLA.
BASE
On the right path? Land concessions in Laos
Land investment is booming in Laos, driven especially by demand for resources among its rapidly developing neighbours. Still, Laos remains one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia. The government hopes that projects linked to land investments will improve local productivity, infrastructure, and poverty rates. But there are many risks to local livelihoods and the environment. Ensuring that land investment truly benefits the broader population demands effective regulation and strong political will. This policy brief provides key insights and recommendations drawn from the national inventory of land concessions and leases, the most comprehensive accounting of such land deals to date for a single country.
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Secondary Forests and Local Livelihoods along a Gradient of Accessibility: A Case Study in Northern Laos
In: Society and natural resources, Band 26, Heft 11, S. 1283-1299
ISSN: 1521-0723
Engaging local communities in low emissions land-use planning: A case study from Laos
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks (REDD+) is a performance-based payment mechanism currently being debated in international and national environmental policy and planning forums. As the mechanism is based on conditionality, payments must reflect land stewards' level of compliance with carbon-efficient management practices. However, lack of clarity in land governance and carbon rights could undermine REDD+ implementation. Strategies are needed to avoid perverse incentives resulting from the commoditization of forest carbon stocks and, importantly, to identify and secure the rights of legitimate recipients of future REDD+ payments. We propose a landscape-level approach to address potential conflicts related to carbon tenure and REDD+ benefit sharing. We explore various land-tenure scenarios and their implications for carbon ownership in the context of a research site in northern Laos. Our case study shows that a combination of relevant scientific tools, knowledge, and participatory approaches can help avoid the marginalization of rural communities during the REDD+ process. The findings demonstrate that participatory land-use planning is an important step in ensuring that local communities are engaged in negotiating REDD+ schemes and that such negotiations are transparent. Local participation and agreements on land-use plans could provide a sound basis for developing efficient measurement, reporting, and verification systems for REDD+.
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Engaging Local Communities in Low Emissions Land-Use Planning: a Case Study from Laos
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 18, Heft 2
ISSN: 1708-3087
Telecoupling visualizations through a network lens: a systematic review
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 25, Heft 4
ISSN: 1708-3087
Polycentric governance in telecoupled resource systems
In: Ecology and society: E&S ; a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability, Band 23, Heft 1
ISSN: 1708-3087