Suchergebnisse

AbstractThe effect of legislative changes on same-sex unions on people's attitudes toward homosexuality is a fairly well-researched topic. There is less research on how state legislation on same-sex unions has affected churches' attitudes and policies on registered partnership and same-sex marriage. In this paper we focus on attitudinal polarisation in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (ELCF) in the matter of same-sex marriage and why there is a gap in the attitudinal development of the church and the society. The analysis is based upon six sets of representative surveys among the Finnish population, the employees of the ELCF and the elected officials of the ELCF between the years 2012–2017. Whereas the majorities (55%) among the Finnish population and among the ELCF members (54%) are already favourable to the idea that same-sex couples should have the right to marry in the church, the ELCF has not approved of it. This situation has polarised the ELCF from within. Empirical analysis shows that the reason for the discrepancy between popular opinion and the ELCF stance stems from the fact that ELCF decision makers are older and more religious than the general membership. However, the data also shows that even among the most religious, younger age groups are already more favourable towards the same-sex marriage. Therefore, it is likely that the polarisation will lessen over time as more and more religious people accept same-sex marriage.

The key political message arising from the WaVE case studies is the crucial relevance ofreligion (as subject matter) and locality (as the key framework in which to operate) in thedomain of welfare provision, if this is viewed from the perspective of majority/minorityrelations in Europe. a) Concerning the former, issues related to religion are clearly on the agenda in thedomain of welfare in both majority and minority communities. The role of religionis dual: it offers considerable potential but also involves a degree of risk. Thus,greater sensitivity, know-how and information on these questions are urgentlyneeded. This relates closely to the level of action, where more attention should bepaid to religion. Thus the message from our studies is: to raise awareness byimproving the level of information (see Figure 1 below). b) Concerning the latter, locality (specifically the local) emerges as the primarycontext of action in the domain of welfare. Thus, power, resources and support, aswell as information are needed at the local level. The role of religion is also evidentin the various elements of locality. Thus the second core message from our studiesis: to increase effectiveness by improving the action (see Figure 1 below). Noting the significance of religion and locality, several interrelated improvements ininformation and action are needed in order to build social cohesion and to preventtensions or conflicts between majorities and minorities in Europe. In this process, thevalues of each community (majority/minority) and their social, economic and politicalresources should be acknowledged in both constructive and critical ways.Thus, information and action provide the main themes of our policy recommendations atEuropean, national/regional and local level. These are summarized in the cycle of socialcohesion set out in Figure 1 and in the paragraphs that follow (pp. 6-7); each recommendationis then considered in more detail. ; Welfare and Values in Europe: Transitions related to Religion, Minorities and Gender

Lebenseinstellungen und Religiosität von Jugendlichen.

Themen: Einschätzung der Religiosität der eigenen Eltern;
Bedeutsamkeit der Übernahme des religiösen Glaubens durch die Kinder
aus Sicht der Eltern; elterlicher Wunsch der Teilnahme an religiösen
Veranstaltungen; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Einstellung zu Heirat, Taufe und
Begräbnis im kirchlichem Rahmen; eigene Taufe, Konfirmation oder
heilige Kommunion; Mitgliedschaft in einer kirchlichen Organisation;
Selbsteinschätzung als religiös; Häufigkeit des Gebets und der
Meditation; Bibelverständnis; Einstellungen zu Gott, Sinn des Lebens
und Gefühl der Selbstbestimmung (Skala); Einstellungen zum Verhältnis
von Religion und moderner Welt, zu kultureller und religiöser
Diversität, zum Verhältnis der Religionen untereinander (Skala);
Zustimmung zu folgenden Aussagen: Religion als Sicherheit im Leben,
eigene Erfahrung mit Gottesnähe, konkrete Unterstützung durch Gott
erfahren, Glaube als Gefühl der Geborgenheit, Glaube als Beistand in
bestimmten Situationen, Sinnlosigkeit des Lebens ohne den Glauben;
Vorstellungen über den idealen Religionsunterricht (Skala);
Zufriedenheit im Gemeindeleben (Gottesdienste, Gemeindemitglieder,
besondere Aktivitäten, Angebote für den Nachwuchs, Räumlichkeiten und
Ausstattung); Lebensperspektiven (Zukunftspessimismus, eigene
Gegenwartsorientierung, Absicherung im Privatleben, zukünftige
Herausforderungen, strukturierte Lebensplanung, Nostalgie,
Beständigkeit), Wertorientierungen (Autonomie, Menschlichkeit,
Selbstkontrolle bzw. -disziplin, Attraktivität, Modernität,
Authentizität, Familienorientierung und Berufsorientierung),
Wichtigkeit von sozialen Beziehungen (Eltern, Geschwister, Freunde
etc.); Einstellungen zu Politik (Gleichgültigkeit, Distanziertheit,
Entfremdung, Anomie, Privatsphäre, Beständigkeit, Achtsamkeit,
Zukunftschancen der Jugend und Intergenerationen-Konflikt im
politischen Bereich); politische Partizipation; Institutionenvertrauen;
Einstellung zu Ausländern (Skala); psychologische
Selbstcharakterisierung; Einstellungen zu Europa (Skala).

Demographie: Alter (Geburtsjahr); Geschlecht; Schulbildung;
Religionszugehörigkeit.

Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Schultyp; staatliche oder Privatschule;
Land.