Suchergebnisse

During the early 1990s, many Latin American countries enjoyed exceptionally strong economic growth, which has been credited with making possible substantial reductions in their rates of poverty. However, the collapse of capital flows to Latin America that began in 1995 portends a decline in the region's economic growth. If these countries now register growth rates that are only modestly positive (on the order of 1-3%), the question then arises as to whether this progress in overcoming poverty is bound to stall.Despite new rhetoric to the contrary, Latin Americans have relied on growth almost exclusively as the way to overcome poverty. The distribution of income has changed very little over the past decade and, where change did occur, in many cases it has been for the worse.

Effect of consecutive currency devaluations during the 1980s on domestic agriculture.

In Latin America, agriculture has not been hurt as badly by the debt crisis as other sectors. As a result, there has been some hope that agricultural development might act as a source of dynamism in the "structural adjustment" of debt-ridden economies. Because industry has suffered such sharp setbacks in the 1980s, agriculture has been looked to with renewed interest as a base for restoring balance of payments stability and macroeconomic growth. These arguments are reviewed in this article

As informal workers, wastepickers gather recyclable material without adequate social benefits and occupational protection. In response to wastepicker demands for legalization and access to the waste stream, cities have created inclusion programs to improve livelihoods and promote recycling. While inclusion yields benefits for many participants, it brings challenges at each step of development. In the poorest countries, workers lack the skills, capital, and managerial experience to operate profitably, while projects in wealthier cities employ few wastepickers and face stiff competition from the formal sector. The most sophisticated municipal systems mechanize waste processing and threaten wastepickers' livelihoods because capital-intensive methods yield few jobs. To realize genuine inclusion, policies to support wastepickers must enable workers to compete throughout the broader economy. Como trabajadores informales, los recolectores de basura se encargan de recoger materiales reciclables sin prestaciones sociales o protección laboral adecuadas. En respuesta a sus demandas de legalización y acceso al flujo de residuos, las ciudades han creado programas de inclusión para mejorar las condiciones de vida y promover el reciclaje. Mientras que dicha inclusión brinda beneficios a muchos participantes, también conlleva retos en cada etapa del desarrollo. En los países más pobres, los trabajadores carecen de las habilidades, capital y experiencia administrativa necesarias para operar de manera rentable, mientras que los proyectos en las ciudades más ricas emplean pocos recolectores que enfrentan una dura competencia por parte del sector formal. Los sistemas municipales más sofisticados mecanizan el procesamiento de los desechos y amenazan los medios de subsistencia de los recolectores dado que los métodos intensivos en capital generan pocos puestos de trabajo. Para que haya una genuina inclusión, las políticas de apoyo a los recolectores de basura deben permitir que dichos trabajadores compitan en el grueso de la economía.