Suchergebnisse

The first full biography of Australia's prime minister between 1932 and 1939, Joseph Aloysius Lyons, who dominated Australian politics throughout the 1930's

AbstractThe IMF influenced the adjustment processes of several Eastern European nations in the 1980s through its efforts to promote market‐oriented stabilization and reform. Each country's state structure, policy‐making process, and state/ society relationships shaped its responses to IMF demands. Romania's centralist political system generated the most intense and successful resistance to the IMF's policies. Yugoslavia's polycentric political system, by contrast, weakened elite capacity to resist IMF demands while simultaneously impeding the implementation of IMF policies at the subnational level. Finally, Hungary's political system allowed the IMF to ally with elite supporters to promote its policies; yet also provided opportunities for lower‐level actors to obstruct their implementation. Prospects for collaboration with the IMF have been enhanced by recent changes in Eastern European state structures and policy‐making processes, which have encouraged freer political debate and more market‐oriented development strategies. Yet impediments to collaboration remain, as political decentralization has heightened the capacity of lower‐level actors to obstruct standby implementation.