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Food security policy analysis as a key element in attaining SGD2 and addressing food policy failures of the past / Sheryl L. Hendriks -- How the understanding of food security and nutrition shapes policy analysis / Sheryl L. Hendriks -- Understanding the depth and severity of food security as a continuum of experiences / Sheryl L. Hendriks -- Contemporary policy issues related to food availability / Sheryl L. Hendriks -- Contemporary policy issues related to poverty and inequality and the imperatives to improve access to food / Nic J.J. Olivier, Francette Gouws and Nico J.J. Olivier -- Contemporary policy issues and the imperatives to reduce malnutrition / Beulah Pretorius, Suresh C Babu, Angela McIntyre and Hettie C. Schönfeldt -- Mitigating negative nutrition transitions : cultivating diversity in food systems / Angela M. McIntyre -- Contemporary policy issues in food assistance / Steven Were Omamo, Lorenzo Motta, Chelsea Graham -- Assessing the coherence of broader development policies for food security / Nic J.J. Olivier and Nico J.J. Olivier -- The policy making process : introducing the Kaleidoscope Model for food security policy analysis / Steven Haggblade, Suresh C. Babu, Danielle Resnick and Sheryl Hendriks -- Developing and applying a theory of change assessment / Angela M. McIntyre -- The essential elements of assessment, monitoring and evaluation to determine the impact of policies and programmes / Sheryl L. Hendriks and Mapula Hunadi Nkwana -- Identification of risks and vulnerable populations / Filippo Fossi -- Institutional arrangements for governance, coordination and mutual accountability / Morkaka N. Makhura and Nosipho Mabuza -- Gender and food security / Elizabeth Mkandawire -- Inclusion and engagement with indigenous peoples / Carol Kalafatic -- Measuring food insecurity / Carlo Cafiero -- The Integrated Phase Classification approach as an example of comprehensive system approaches / Jannie Armstrong, Leila Oliveira, Kaija Korpi-Salmela, Jose Lopez -- Notes from the field : challenges, solutions and promising ideas / Angela M. McIntyre, Jannie Armstrong, Suresh C. Babu, Yergelem Beraki, Duncan Boughton, Boaz B. Kaziere, Michael Roberto Kenyi Legge, Laila Lokosang, Bongeka Mdleleni, Rufaro Musvaire, Tessa Marcus, Leila Oliviera, Luca Russo, Jeanettte Sprinkhuizen, Duncan Stewart -- What next for evidence-based food security policy analysis? / Sheryl L. Hendriks.

Food insecurity is an intractable problem in South Africa. The country has a tradition of evidence- based decision making, grounded in the findings of national surveys. However, the rich insights from sub-national surveys remain a largely untapped resource for understandings of the contextual experience of food insecurity. A web-based search identified 169 subnational food insecurity studies conducted in the post-apartheid period between 1994 and 2014. The systematic review found that the studies used 27 different measures of food insecurity, confounding the comparative analysis of food insecurity at this level. While social grants have brought a measure of poverty relief at household level, unaffordable diets were the root cause of food insecurity. The increasing consumption of cheaper, more available and preferred `globalised' foods with high energy content and low nutritional value lead to overweight and obesity alongside child stunting. Unless a comparable set of indicators is used in such surveys, they are not able to provide comparable information on the scope and scale of the problem. Policy makers should be engaging with researchers to learn from these studies, while researchers need to share this wealth of sub-national study findings with government to strengthen food security planning, monitoring, and evaluation at all levels. ; S1 Appendix. List of case studies. ; S1 File. Annex of terms. ; S1 Checklist. PRISMA 2009 checklist. ; The Department of Science and Technology and the National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Food Security (Grant number 140840) to SLH. ; http://www.plosone.org ; am2017 ; Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development

Eine Umfrage bei 161 Frauen, die in KwaZulu-Natal an Ausbildungskursen zur Schaffung von Verdienstmöglichkeiten teilnahmen, hatte zum Ziel festzustellen, welchen Einfluss die jeweilige Haushalts-/Familiensituation auf die Teilnahme an den Kursen und deren erfolgreichen Abschluss hatte. Ergebnis: Generell war der Anteil der Frauen, die zu den Kursen erschienen und sie auch erfolgreich abschlossen, hoch. Eine Reihe von Variablen hatte jedoch auf diesen Anteil erheblichen Einfluss. Was Kursteilnahme und Erfolg anbetrifft, waren dies: Einkommen, Verkauf von Tierprodukten, Kinderarbeit im Haushalt, Haushaltsmanagement und Kindererziehung. Nur die Kursteilnahme beeinflussten: Gartenbau, Einkäufe, Geldausgaben für Nahrungsmittel. Auf den erfolgreichen Kursabschluss wirkten Lohnarbeit, zeitliche und Arbeitsorganisation ein. (DÜI-Hlb)

South Africa's informal economy absorbs approximately one-quarter of the labour force of 15 million people and is therefore the fastest growing sector of employment. Street-based trading constitutes a major subsector within the informal economy and is continuously expanding through unrelenting proliferation of survivalist micro-enterprises. However, few organisations that support enterprises are accessible or appropriate to survivalist and informal sector micro-enterprises. Interviews were conducted with 98 Pietermaritzburg street-based traders and ten KwaZulu-Natal service providers to determine service provision requirements. The results are compared with findings of four international studies. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)

Expenditure patterns among a sample of 99 rural households in two communal districts in KwaZulu-Natal were investigated to determine the potential impact of a widespread income shock on household expenditure. The results showed expenditure elasticities of close to unity for food. (...) Of the statistically significant commodity categories, expenditure elasticities for durables, housing and transport were more than double those estimated for the aggregate food category. For consumer items, the district expenditure elasticities were estimated to be 0,76 and 0,71, while expenditure on social obligations would not increase with rural incomes. Wealthier households (the top expenditure decile) have a greater propensity for increased expenditure on transport, while poorer households show a greater propensity for increased expenditure on housing and durables. Although agriculture has the potential to generate widespread growth in rural incomes, the preference for manufactured goods casts some doubt on the strength of consumption multipliers for locally produced farm and non-farm goods in rural KwaZulu-Natal. (Dev South Afr/DÜI)