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Intro -- Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Figures -- From the Field -- Series editors' preface -- Acknowledgements for the fifth edition -- Introduction -- Reference -- 1 Sources of Japanese identity: Historical and mythological foundations of Japan -- Introduction -- Geographical and archaeological identity -- Mythological origins of Japan -- Chinese historical accounts of the ancient period -- Japanese history recorded: the aristocratic age -- Feudalism and bushidō -- The Tokugawa (or Edo) Period -- From the Meiji Period (1868-1912) to the Second World War -- From the Field: The introduction of modern science and technology -- Defeat and success -- Identity in a globalised Japan -- References and further reading -- 2 The house and family system -- Introduction -- The ie -- Relations between ie -- The ie's legal demise -- The religious charter -- Domestic arrangements -- Interpersonal relations between the generations -- Male-female relations -- From the Field: Views of housewives in contemporary Japan -- The family as a model -- References and further reading -- 3 Socialisation and classification -- Introduction -- Uchi and soto -- Tatemae and honne -- Harmony: reciprocity and hierarchy -- Reciprocity -- Hierarchy -- Kindergarten: equality -- Peer group pressure -- Cooperation -- Self-development -- Self in the world -- From the Field: Food allergies, illness and personhood in Japan -- The body and health in Japan -- Conclusion -- References and further reading -- 4 Community and neighbourhood -- Introduction -- Japan's administrative divisions -- Rural community life -- Urban neighbourhoods -- Decline and regeneration of community life -- From the Field: Rebuilding community life in rural Japan: the case of Tomonoura -- Conclusion -- References and further reading -- 5 The education system.

Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- From Scrambled Messages to an Impromptu Dip: Serendipity in Finding a Field Location -- The Paradox of Friendship in the Field: Analysis of a Long-Term Anglo-Japanese Relationship -- Is Science Maintaining Tradition in Japan? -- The Modification of Tradition in Modern Japanese Weddings and Some Implications for the Social Structure -- Tomodachi kō: Age-Mate Groups in Northern Kyushu -- Shoes: The Early Learning of an Important Distinction in Japanese Society -- "The Fix" in Japanese Society -- Marriage and the Family in Modernising Japan -- The Continuing Case of Japan -- Becoming Japanese: A Social Anthropological View of Child-Rearing -- Kindergartens and the Transition from Home to School Education -- Peer Pressure and Kindergartens in Japan -- Children's Contests in Japan -- St Valentine and St Nicholas Travel Abroad: Success and Internationalisation in Japanese Education -- Individualism and Individuality: Entry into a Social World -- Bags, Objects and Education in Japan -- Material Objects and Mathematics in the Life of the Japanese Primary School Child -- The Use and Abuse of Politeness Formulae: Some Social Implications -- Respect, Solidarity or Contempt? Politeness and Communication in Modern Japan -- Humidity, Hygiene, or Ritual Care: Some Thoughts on Wrapping as a Social Phenomenon -- To Wrap or not to Wrap: Politeness and Penetration in Ethnographic Inquiry -- The Armour of Honorific Speech: Some Lateral Thinking about Keigo -- Politeness and Formality in Japanese Social Relations -- Order, Elegance and Purity: The Life of the Professional Housewife -- Honorifics as Dialect: The Expression and Manipulation of Boundaries in Japanese -- The Role of the Professional Housewife -- Wrapping and Japanese Presentation: Is this Waste or Care? -- The Sacred Power of Wrapping -- Gardens and the Wrapping of Space in Japan: Some Benefits of a Balinese Insight -- Nature Tamed: Gardens as a Microcosm of Japan's View of the World -- Who is Representing Whom? Gardens, Theme Parks and the Anthropologist in Japan -- Pine, Ponds and Pebbles: Gardens and Visual Culture -- The Whole World as Heritage? Foreign Country Theme Parks in Japan -- Foreign Country Theme Parks: A New Theme or an Old Japanese Pattern? -- The Japanese Tattoo: Play or Purpose? -- Old Gods, New Pilgrimages: A Whistle-stop Tour of Japanese International Theme Parks -- Shakespeare on Show in Japan: An Anthropological Analysis of Cultural Display -- "The Past, Foreign Countries and Fantasy . . . They All Make for a Good Outing:" Staging the Past in Japan and Some Other Locations -- Nursing in Japan -- Food as Social Nutrition? The Japanese Case -- Drinking and Gender in Japan -- The Ritual of the Revolving Towel -- The Chrysanthemum Continues to Flower: Ruth Benedict and Some Perils of Popular Anthropology -- Building Bridges, Common Ground, and the Role of the Anthropologist -- Japan and Pacific Anthropology: Some Ideas for New Research -- Learning that Emerges in Times of Trouble: A Few Cases from Japan -- Forty Years of Research and Teaching on Japan: A Personal Trajectory -- Joy Hendry's Full Bibliography -- Index.

Cover -- Detailed Contents -- List of Figures and Maps -- List of Photographs -- List of First-hand Accounts -- List of Topics for Reflection -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- A New Encounter -- Varieties of Anthropology -- A Brief History of Social (and Cultural) Anthropology -- The Content of This Book -- References and Further Research -- 1 Seeing the World -- Souvenirs and Handkerchiefs -- Learning to Classify -- Classification of Life and Death -- Cultural Relativism and the Anthropologist's Bias -- Changes in Systems of Classification: The Issue of Gender -- Conclusion -- References and Further Research -- 2 Disgusting, Forbidden and Unthinkable -- Challenging Some Ingrained Ideas -- Taboo -- Pollution -- Purity and Classification -- Animal Categories and Verbal Abuse -- Conclusion -- References and Further Research -- 3 Gifts, Exchange and Reciprocity -- The Anthropologist's Arrival -- Gifts -- The Indian Gift -- Exchange -- Reciprocity -- Objects Inalienable, Entangled and Wrapped -- Conclusion -- References and Further Research -- 4 The Ritual Round -- Shoes and the Empty Ritual -- Definitions of Ritual -- Rites of Passage -- Ritual, Theatre and Play -- Conclusion -- References and Further Research -- 5 Society: A Set of Symbols -- What is a Symbol? -- Bodily Symbols -- Symbolising Relationships -- Group Symbols and Their Interpretation -- Anthropological Interpretation of Symbolism -- Conclusion -- References and Further Research -- 6 Beauty and Bounty: Treasure and Trophies -- Seeing and Value -- Living Art -- Art for Gaining Access to 'Seeing the World' -- Art, Status and Identity -- Art and Meaning -- Aesthetics -- Definitions of Art -- Conclusion -- References and Further Research -- 7 Cosmology I: Religion, Magic and Mythology -- Religion, Science and Cosmology -- Definitions and Distinctions -- Origins of Religion.

"This book is about indigenous science: sustainable knowledge and practice of Indigenous peoples around the world which has usually been developed and handed down for generations, but which was often largely ignored by settlers in their lands. Such science has been passed on in performance, art, stories, and in embodied practice, so the book will necessarily examine the meaning of science, problematizing the idea that Western science is the only type that deserves that name, and drawing attention to some of its shortcomings. Methods of acquiring "science" are also examined, notably including a personal account of the author's dissatisfaction with her own undergraduate training, and a realization much later of the reasons for this disillusionment. Throughout the book, the author takes the reader with her on the learning process that brought its content to her attention, and therefore introduces the reasons for wanting to share the examples gathered"--

As Japan enters the 21st century with a new emperor, this title continues to be an indispensable guide through often enigmatic and historical idiosyncrasies of Japanese culture and politics that are often confusing to the outsider. This title includes information on the latest social developments, customs, rituals, business culture, medicine and arts.