Suchergebnisse

AbstractPrevious research has consistently indicated that theory of mind (ToM) is associated with executive control in the preschool years. However, interpretation of this literature is limited by the fact that most studies have focused exclusively on urbanized Western cultural samples. Consequently, it is not clear whether the association between ToM and executive control reflects the specific features of this particular cohort or instead reflects a universal pattern. The present study provides the first empirical assessment of these two constructs in three diverse groups of Iranian children. Participants were 142 preschoolers (4–5 years old) from high–socioeconomic status (SES) urban (n = 33), low–SES urban (n = 37) and rural villages (n = 77). The results show that there is a robust association between ToM and executive control in all three groups, and that executive control contributes significant unique variance to ToM understanding, even after controlling for a range of variables that have been proposed as potential confounders of this relationship. However, although the three groups were equated in ToM, significant differences in executive control were evident. Moreover, cluster analysis identified three distinct clusters that were relatively homogeneous with respect to executive control and SES. One of these clusters was characterized by both low SES and low executive functioning, and showed little evidence of ToM understanding. Taken together, these findings provide possibly the clearest evidence to date that the association between ToM and executive control is not dependent on children's previous experiences on the tasks, or their family and cultural background.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxh_-3gCB8o

Mark Ingham had two pieces of work in this touring exhibition; both were digital photographs in a series entitled Doppelgängers. It traveled from London to Leeds and then on to Miami. The works shown in the images attached are these photographs as shown were they were installed. "Episodes" are displaced moments - slices of narrative - sequences and instances that are isolated from, stand apart from, and are de-contextualized from a coherent whole. But "episodes" reach out to the universal - something outside. They call upon a totalized narrative without evidencing its existence - a piece of the real. And knowing that "episodes" are singular, self-contained and fabricated inventions does not prevent us from being enthralled, immersed and moved by the power of such fictions. The selected artworks included video projections, monitor-based works, lens-assisted painting, and photographs, all of which subject the audience to the pleasures of disorientation of sensory, immersive and rhetorical devices. They produce iconographic and dramatic visual and aural experiences, through entangling documentary with drama, realism with the sensory, and austerity with conviction. They openly expose themselves as fabricated constructs. They carry you away, shift you around, or demand your collusion. Through the exhibition we explored the pleasure, power and sensory extravagance of the delivery of images that propose themselves as fictions or facts. Rather than identify truth as being behind or beyond images, we analyse the politics of belief in images. The exhibition was set within a simple but dynamic installation of floating white laminated screens that encouraged and guided as well as inhibited the audience's movement around the gallery space. Curating Video is a long-term research project set up to propose new possibilities for re-thinking video curation through understanding the materiality and architectural qualities of video artworks in order to elucidate the relationship between curating video and the politics of social and architectural space. The project was set up and is co-ordinated by: Amanda Beech Artist & Course Director, MA Critical Writing and Curatorial Practice, Chelsea College of Art, University of the Arts London Jaspar Joseph-Lester Artist & Programme Leader, MA Contemporary Art Curating, Sheffield Hallam University Matthew Poole Curator & Programme Director, Centre for Curatorial Studies, University of Essex