Suchergebnisse

AbstractClimate adaptation is a complex policy area, in which knowledge, authority, and resources are fragmented among numerous public agencies, multiple levels of government, and a wide range of nongovernmental actors. Mobilizing and coordinating disparate public and private efforts is a key challenge in this policy domain, and this has focused research attention on the governance of adaptation, including the dynamics of interaction among interests and the institutions that facilitate collective action. This paper contributes to the study of adaptation governance by adopting the policy regimes perspective, an analytical framework designed to make sense of the loose governing arrangements surrounding complex, fragmented problems. The perspective's constructs are applied to a longitudinal case study of adaptation governance in Canada, which identifies, analyzes, and evaluates the policy ideas, institutions, and interests that comprise Canada's adaptation policy regime.

Local governments play a key role in emergency management by developing the necessary policies and concrete procedures for responding effectively to community emergencies and their aftermath. However, because emergency measures in most jurisdictions are rarely, if ever, activated, public managers find it difficult to evaluate and assess the quality of existing emergency management programs. Drawing on expert literature to identify 30 elements of a high‐quality local emergency management program, key elements are refined and synthesized into a single framework that provides clear‐cut best practices for emergency program evaluation and performance measurement.

Climate change adaptation is a complex field of public policy that requires action by multiple levels of government, the private sector, and civil society. In recent years, increasing scholarly attention has been focused on the governance of adaptation, which has included exploring alternatives to state-centric models of decision-making and identifying appropriate roles and responsibilities of multiple actors to achieve desired outcomes. Scholars have called for greater clarity in distinguishing between different approaches to adaptation governance. Drawing on the rich scholarship about public governance, this article articulates and applies a typology of four modes of governance by which adaptation takes place (hierarchy, market, network, and community). Using examples of initiatives from across Canada, the article offers a framework for describing, comparing, and evaluating the governance of adaptation initiatives.

Climate change adaptation is a complex field of public policy that requires action by multiple levels of government, the private sector, and civil society. In recent years, increasing scholarly attention has been focused on the governance of adaptation, which has included exploring alternatives to state-centric models of decision-making and identifying appropriate roles and responsibilities of multiple actors to achieve desired outcomes. Scholars have called for greater clarity in distinguishing between different approaches to adaptation governance. Drawing on the rich scholarship about public governance, this article articulates and applies a typology of four modes of governance by which adaptation takes place (hierarchy, market, network, and community). Using examples of initiatives from across Canada, the article offers a framework for describing, comparing, and evaluating the governance of adaptation initiatives.

Canada's public service workforce is aging, and all levels of government will experience a large number of retirements in the coming years. In an increasingly competitive labour market, governments face challenges in attracting and retaining new recruits, particularly among the "Millennial generation," who are entering the workforce, and whose outlook on work appears to differ significantly from previous generations. What motivates Millennials to pursue a public service career? What are their expectations concerning the benefits of a career in the public sector? This study explores these questions through a qualitative analysis of written statements of Canadian Master's students seeking a career in the public service. The findings demonstrate that Millennials are motivated both by perceived intrinsic benefits, such as the opportunity to make a difference in society, as well as extrinsic rewards, such as opportunities for career advancement. In addition, many identify a public service career as a "calling"—a sense of obligation to contribute to the public interest— and the analysis reveals various events and experiences that inspire this "call to serve." Implications for public sector recruitment and retention of Millennials are presented.

AbstractEffective flood risk management (FRM) requires a mix of policy instruments that reduces, shares, and manages flood risk. The social acceptability of these policy instruments—the degree of public support or opposition to their use—is an important consideration when designing an optimal mix to achieve FRM objectives. This paper examines public attitudes toward FRM policy instruments based on a national survey of Canadians living in high-risk areas. Respondents were asked their views on flood maps, disaster assistance, flood insurance, flood risk disclosure and liability, and property buyouts. The results indicate that all five policy instruments have high social acceptability, but they must be calibrated to ensure access to flood risk information and achieve a fair distribution of FRM costs among key stakeholders.

Land use planning and transportation planning are linked and influence each other in complex ways, but they continue to be treated as separate in practice. Successful integration of land use and transportation can lead to decreased traffic congestion, improved public transit, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while weak connections can result in sprawling patterns of land development, increased automobile dependence, and poor air quality. The purpose of this project is to investigate leading practices used to integrate land use and transportation planning in Canada's largest municipalities. This is accomplished through a systematic review of the land use and transportation planning scholarship, and content analysis of municipal official plans from thirty of the largest English-speaking municipalities in Canada based on a plan quality evaluation framework. Three key findings are presented: 1) social justice and equity and economic sustainability were rarely discussed in relation to transportation and land use planning, despite being prominent in the planning literature, 2) there was an absence of rigorous data to inform the fact base of official plans, as well as a lack of data for monitoring and evaluating transportation goals and policies, and 3) while most municipal official plans included a broad section dedicated to implementation, few provided detail on how, when, and by whom transportation-related policies would be implemented. The implications for land use and transportation planning are also discussed. ; Evaluating Transportation Policies and Practices in Canada's Largest Municipalities is co-funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council and Infrastructure Canada. Évaluation des politiques et des pratiques de transport aux municipalités les plus peuplées du Canada est cofinancé par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines et Infrastructure Canada.

Abstract. One of the key priorities for disaster risk reduction is to ensure
decision makers, stakeholders, and the public understand their exposure to
disaster risk, so that they can take protective action. Flood maps are a
potentially valuable tool for facilitating this understanding of flood risk,
but previous research has found that they vary considerably in availability
and quality. Using an evaluation framework comprising nine criteria grounded
in existing scholarship, this study assessed the quality of flood maps
available to the public in Canadian communities located in designated flood
risk areas. It found that flood maps in most municipalities (62 %) are
low quality (meeting less than 50 % of the criteria) and the highest score
was 78 % (seven of nine criteria met). The findings suggest that a more concerted
effort to produce high-quality, publicly accessible flood maps is required to
support Canada's international commitment to disaster risk reduction. Further
questions surround possible weighting of quality assessment criteria, whether
and how individuals seek out flood maps, and how flood risk information could
be better communicated using modern technology.