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[EN] This article offers a Spanish national perspective that contributes to European Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) monitoring initiatives. National experts involved in gender and science and technology issues, such as policymakers, gender experts, research institutions, and equality associations, among others, have proposed indicators based on participatory decision-making techniques. The results include a complete set of 52 indicators and a reduced panel of 23 indicators-the highest-ranked ones-to monitor relevant aspects that should be measured in gender dimension from an RRI perspective: differential and asymmetric socialization and education, organizational culture, substantive representation, vertical segregation, work relations, visibility of women researchers, gender perspective in research contents, gender expertise enhancement, and resources. The results offer new indicators that differ from previous indicator panels at the European and Spanish levels in relation to those aspects that should be measured and the typology of indicators preferred. Differences suggest the need for a more nuanced debate on the purpose of indicators, and the need for national contributions to RRI and to the debate on gender perspective in EU policy. Finally, the article suggests some specific traits observed in Spain that might add to the debate on the content of an RRI gender perspective in an already developed gender policy. ; The article was developed within the framework of INPERRI project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. INPERRI Propuesta de Indicadores para Impulsar el Diseno de Una Politica Orientada al Desarrollo de Investigacion e Innovacion Responsable en Espana. INPERRI. Grant number (CSO2016-76828-R). ; Otero-Hermida, P.; García-Melón, M. (2018). Gender Equality Indicators for Research and Innovation from a Responsible Perspective: The Case of Spain. Sustainability. 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092980 ; S ; 10 ; 9

10 9 ; S ; [EN] This article offers a Spanish national perspective that contributes to European Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) monitoring initiatives. National experts involved in gender and science and technology issues, such as policymakers, gender experts, research institutions, and equality associations, among others, have proposed indicators based on participatory decision-making techniques. The results include a complete set of 52 indicators and a reduced panel of 23 indicators-the highest-ranked ones-to monitor relevant aspects that should be measured in gender dimension from an RRI perspective: differential and asymmetric socialization and education, organizational culture, substantive representation, vertical segregation, work relations, visibility of women researchers, gender perspective in research contents, gender expertise enhancement, and resources. The results offer new indicators that differ from previous indicator panels at the European and Spanish levels in relation to those aspects that should be measured and the typology of indicators preferred. Differences suggest the need for a more nuanced debate on the purpose of indicators, and the need for national contributions to RRI and to the debate on gender perspective in EU policy. Finally, the article suggests some specific traits observed in Spain that might add to the debate on the content of an RRI gender perspective in an already developed gender policy. The article was developed within the framework of INPERRI project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. INPERRI Propuesta de Indicadores para Impulsar el Diseno de Una Politica Orientada al Desarrollo de Investigacion e Innovacion Responsable en Espana. INPERRI. Grant number (CSO2016-76828-R). Otero-Hermida, P.; García-Melón, M. (2018). Gender Equality Indicators for Research and Innovation from a Responsible Perspective: The Case of Spain. Sustainability. 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092980

© 2018 by the authors. ; This article offers a Spanish national perspective that contributes to European Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) monitoring initiatives. National experts involved in gender and science and technology issues, such as policymakers, gender experts, research institutions, and equality associations, among others, have proposed indicators based on participatory decision-making techniques. The results include a complete set of 52 indicators and a reduced panel of 23 indicators—the highest-ranked ones—to monitor relevant aspects that should be measured in gender dimension from an RRI perspective: differential and asymmetric socialization and education, organizational culture, substantive representation, vertical segregation, work relations, visibility of women researchers, gender perspective in research contents, gender expertise enhancement, and resources. The results offer new indicators that differ from previous indicator panels at the European and Spanish levels in relation to those aspects that should be measured and the typology of indicators preferred. Differences suggest the need for a more nuanced debate on the purpose of indicators, and the need for national contributions to RRI and to the debate on gender perspective in EU policy. Finally, the article suggests some specific traits observed in Spain that might add to the debate on the content of an RRI gender perspective in an already developed gender policy. ; The article was developed within the framework of INPERRI project, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. INPERRI Propuesta de Indicadores para Impulsar el Diseño de Una Política Orientada al Desarrollo de Investigación e Innovación Responsable en España. INPERRI. Grant number (CSO2016-76828-R)

This article provides an overview of equality policies at the local level, based on a study carried out in Spanish municipalities with between 25,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. Special attention is given to the impact of variables such as the political composition of municipal governing bodies, the gender of the highest political authority and how the size of the municipality influences the development of gender policies. Our findings show that though efforts in this area have achieved greater institutionalization of gender equality policies due to the establishment of gender-related normative and administrative tools and the increased structural capacity of municipal administrations, these do not guarantee consistently transversal or broad implementation of equality plans in local governmental actions. However, and in line with prior studies, a positive correlation was found between the ideological profile of the governing political party, progress in equality plans and greater permeability in female access to executive positions. Adapted from the source document.

Models of social influence have explored the dynamics of social contagion, imitation, and diffusion of different types of traits, opinions, and conducts. However, few behavioral data indicating social influence dynamics have been obtained from direct observation in "natural" social contexts. The present research provides that kind of evidence in the case of the public expression of political preferences in the city of Barcelona, where thousands of citizens supporting the secession of Catalonia from Spain have placed a Catalan flag in their balconies and windows. Here we present two different studies. 1) During July 2013 we registered the number of flags in 26% of the electoral districts in the city of Barcelona. We find that there is a large dispersion in the density of flags in districts with similar density of pro-independence voters. However, by comparing the moving average to the global mean we find that the density of flags tends to be fostered in electoral districts where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote, while it is inhibited in the opposite cases. We also show that the distribution of flags in the observed districts deviates significantly from that of an equivalent random distribution. 2) During 17 days around Catalonia's 2013 national holiday we observed the position at balcony resolution of the flags displayed in the facades of a sub-sample of 82 blocks. We compare the 'clustering index' of flags on the facades observed each day to thousands of equivalent random distributions. Again we provide evidence that successive hangings of flags are not independent events but that a local influence mechanism is favoring their clustering. We also find that except for the national holiday day the density of flags tends to be fostered in facades located in electoral districts where there is a clear majority of pro-independence vote.

La separación y, en muchos casos, desconexión entre el sistema de protección social y el sistema fiscal supone problemas de consistencia entre sus respectivos objetivos y efectos. En tiempos recientes, diferentes estudiosos de la política social y fiscal, así como diferentes medidas de política pública adoptadas en numerosos países de la Unión Europea, han abierto el camino para avanzar sustancialmente en la integración de impuestos y prestaciones sociales (o tax-benefit integration). En este artículo presentamos la lógica de la integración entre impuestos y prestaciones, y sometemos a consideración sus ventajas y limitaciones en el actual contexto de crisis económica y contracción del gasto público. ; The separation and even disconnection between social benefits and the tax system generates a lack of consistency between these systems' respective aims and impacts. In recent times, the work of a number of scholars in social and tax policy, as well as some public policies adopted by different countries in the European Union, have opened the way for substantial advances in tax-benefit integration. This article presents the basic rationale behind tax-benefit integration, and discusses its pros and cons in the present context of economic crisis and retrenchment of public budgets.