Suchergebnisse

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el tabaquismo causa en todo el mundo cerca de cinco millones de muertes al año, es decir, alrededor de 13 mil muertes diarias. En México, cerca de 60 000 defunciones por año y 165 diarias se atribuyen a esa causa, 25.6% de la población es fumador pasivo y se estima que la edad de inicio de consumo disminuyó a 12 años de edad o menos. México inició la lucha contra el tabaquismo hace dos decenios y en años recientes se combinaron acciones administrativas y legislativas relacionadas con aspectos tributarios y de regulación sanitaria. México fue el primer país en América en adherirse al Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco (CMCT, de la OMS, firmado por México el 12 de agosto de 2003 y ratificado el 14 de abril del año siguiente). Para el gobierno federal, la prevención y el tratamiento del tabaquismo son parte de una estrategia que busca la sinergia de los actores públicos, privados y sociales involucrados en el tema; los resultados de ese esfuerzo deberán presentarse en 2008.

Objective. To analyze the validity of the official vaccination figures according to the available information and to identify opportunities for improvement. Materials and methods. We estimated vaccination coverage and dropout rates (for multi-dose vaccines) for one-year-old children, based on public information from the dynamic cubes of the Ministry of Health, for the years 2015 to 2017. Results. We observed variations in the vaccination monthly reports, which indicate low rates of vaccination, as well as high dropout rates when comparing first and third doses applied. For children 1 year of age, the national complete coverage was estimated at 48.9%. Conclusion. There is no reliable information to estimate the actual vaccination coverage. Government documents report a constant overestimation of vaccination coverage that creates a "false sense of security". This has become a barrier for the critical analysis of the Universal Vaccination Program. ; Objetivo. Analizar la veracidad de las cifras oficiales de acuerdo con la información disponible e identificar opor­tunidades de mejora. Material y métodos. Estimamos las coberturas de vacunación y tasas de deserción (para las vacunas administradas en multidosis) del esquema básico para niños menores de un año de edad, con base en la in­formación de cubos dinámicos de la Secretaría de Salud de 2015 a 2017. Resultados. Observamos variaciones en los reportes mensuales de vacunación que indican bajas tasas de vacunación, así como índices altos de deserción al comparar primeras y terceras dosis aplicadas. La cobertura nacional de esquema completo se estimó en 48.9 por ciento. Conclu­sión. No se cuenta con información confiable que permita estimar las coberturas reales de vacunación. En los reportes oficiales hay una constante sobrestimación de las coberturas que ha creado a una "falsa sensación de seguridad". Esto se ha constituido en una barrera que impide el análisis crítico del Programa Universal de Vacunación

Mexico was the first country in the Americas to sign and ratify the World Health Organization's (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004. More than a decade later, it is appropriate to evaluate legislative and regulatory progress and the associated challenges; and also, to propose a roadmap to prioritize the problems to be addressed to achieve long-term sustainable solutions. Mexico has made substantial progress in tobacco control. However, regulations have been only weakly enforced. The tobacco industry continues to interfere with full implementation of the WHO-FCTC. As a result, tobacco consumption remains stable at about 17.6%, with a trend upwards among vulne­rable groups: adolescents, women and low-income groups. The growing popularity of new tobacco products (electronic cigarettes or e-cigs) among young Mexicans is an increasing challenge. Our review reveals the need to implement all provisions of the WHO-FCTC in its full extent, and that laws and regulations will not be effective in decreasing the tobacco epidemic unless they are strictly enforced.

Objective. This study examines the antiretroviral (ARV) market characteristics for drugs procured and prescribed to Mexico's Social Protection System in Health beneficiaries between 2008 and 2013, and compares them with international data. Materials and methods. Procurement information from the National Center for the Prevention and the Control of HIV/AIDS was analyzed to estimate volumes and prices of key ARV. Annual costs were compared with data from the World Health Organization's Global Price Reporting Mechanism for similar countries. Finally, regimens reported in the ARV Drug Management, Logistics and Surveillance System database were reviewed to identify prescription trends and model ARV expenditures until 2018. Results. Results show that the first-line ARV market is concentrated among a small number of patented treatments, in which prescription is clinically adequate, but which prices are higher than those paid by similar countries. The current set of legal and structural options available to policy makers to bring prices down is extremely limited. Conclusions. Different negotiation policies were not successful to decrease ARV high prices in the public health market. The closed list approach had a good impact on prescription quality but was ineffective in reducing prices. The Coordinating Commission for Negotiating the Price of Medicines and other Health Supplies also failed to obtain adequate prices. To maximize purchase efficiency, policy makers should focus on finding long-term legal and political safeguards to counter the high prices imposed by pharmaceutical companies.