Studying the variability of entrepreneurial attitudes within different countries is important in order to identify where attempts to increase entrepreneurial spirit and activity should focus. This article analyzes differences within multiple countries, as well the causal relationship of three attitudinal variables, namely, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial motivations with entrepreneurial intention. We used a cross-national framework and analyzed the relation of four different countries with a sample of 800 students from Argentina (200), Chile (200), Panama (200), and Spain (200). Results show variability in all attitudes between countries with Panama rating the highest in most and Spain rating the lowest. Motivations expressed for entrepreneurship are not statistically significant between most countries, which suggests the perception of entrepreneurship as an engine for personal goals is high and similar in all four countries. Regression analysis showed subjective norm's effect is not statistically significant in Argentina nor Chile for intentions, and Panama's intentions are highly driven by entrepreneurial motivations. These suggest policies and programs should tap on the fairly consistent entrepreneurial spirit to capitalize on student's interest in entrepreneurship, and pull them into training programs to strengthen their competences.
Purpose To achieve sustainable development to protect the environment and society, an increasing number of scholars have conducted in-depth research on sustainable and responsible consumption behaviors. The outputs demonstrate that consumers are increasingly concerned and aware of the issues associated with the excessive use of resources. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Sustainable Consumption Scale (SC-S) in the Spanish context.
Design/methodology/approach The adaptation of SC-S to Spanish was carried out in accordance with international methodological standards. The Spanish version of this scale was applied empirically to the research sample was composed of 962 university students (49.1% male and 50.9% female) from 54 Universities in 15 regions of Spain that participated in the study.
Findings The analyses carried out to verify the psychometric properties retained 16 items from the original proposal, grouped equally in three factors: Cognitive – six items; Affective – seven items; and Conative – four items. The scale presented adequate adjustment indexes, as well as optimal values of the different measures of reliability, recommended by the literature.
Originality/value This instrument can be used by the Spanish academic community, which will contribute to the assessment and prediction regarding a sustainable consumption attitude. From these screenings, it will be also possible to understand the impact and development of the objectives outlined by Agenda 2030.
The greatest learning in times of pandemic by COVID-19 is that schools and students are more self-directed in their own teaching and learning often get better results. Self-direction strengthens the engagement of all students, generates authenticity of learning, and helps schools respond to ameliorate emerging inequities. More responsive in equity and quality for students at vulnerable risk. The methodological crisis confronts disagreements about what to teach, how to teach and the implications for educational equity. This unprecedented situation changed curricular plans, access to broadband infrastructures, digital public policies were legislated. Technology and online learning are innovations focused on helping cohesion, strategic, educational goals and outcomes. This academic paper presents a systematic analysis of academic research, applying bibliometric indicators and cluster analysis, which define the current state of flipped classroom in students with educational needs from the perspective of the literature. For this purpose, a high impact database was used, a total of 567 articles, published between 2013 and 2020, were analyzed. The new modality of distance education made us reflect on educational needs. Based on the idea of reversing classes, the most enriching sessions consist of talking about what we read. It is satisfying to share that experience with the students, with the difference that the work we do is sometimes closer to the practical, to the kind of activities we call homework. The findings also show how this is a relatively recent and highly trending field of study, with a direct impact on all levels of education. ; El mayor aprendizaje en tiempos de pandemia por la COVID-19 es que las escuelas y los estudiantes son más autodirigidos en su propia enseñanza y aprendizaje a menudo obtienen mejores resultados. La autodirección fortalece la participación de todos los estudiantes, genera autenticidad de los aprendizajes y ayuda a las escuelas a respondera mejorar las desigualdades emergentes. Con mayor respuestaen equidad ycalidad para los estudiantes con riesgos vulnerables. La crisis metodológica enfrenta desacuerdos sobre qué enseñar, cómo enseñar y las implicaciones para la equidad educativa. Esta situación sin precedentes cambio los planes curriculares, el acceso a las infraestructuras de banda ancha, se legislaron políticas públicas digitales. La tecnología y el aprendizaje en línea son innovaciones enfocadas en ayudar a la cohesión, estratégica, objetivos y resultados educativos. Este trabajo académico presenta un análisis sistemático de la investigación académica, aplicando indicadores bibliométricos y análisis conglomerados, que definen el estado actual de flipped classroom en estudiantes con necesidades educativas desde la perspectiva de la literatura. Para ello, se utilizó una base de datos de alto impacto, se analizaron un total de 567 artículos, publicados entre 2013 y 2020. La nueva modalidad de la educación a distancias nos hizo reflexionar sobre las necesidades educativas. Basado en la idea de invertir las clases, las sesiones más enriquecedoras consisten en hablar de lo leído. Es satisfactorio compartir con los estudiantes esa experiencia, con la diferencia de que el trabajo que realizamos a veces se acerca más a lo práctico, al tipo de actividades que llamamos tarea. Los hallazgos también muestran cómo este es un campo de estudio relativamente reciente de alta tendencia, con un impacto directo en todos los niveles educativos.
""This book explores the field of entrepreneurship covering topics as sustainable entrepreneurial competences, exploration of new opportunities, sustainable intrapreneurship, and social and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems"--Provided by publisher"--
There is a need to evaluate entrepreneurial education programs (EEPs) to see the impact they have on a country's development. Previous work has focused mostly on entrepreneurial intentions, mainly in a university context. Additionally, literature reviews on the impact of entrepreneurial education have not yet been conclusive, mainly due to the use of subjective indicators and a low consideration of objective indicators. The purpose of this article is to respond to some of these challenges. Specifically, this study used an objective indicator, Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), in a non-university context. A database was created that included programs categorized by autonomous communities. The analysis showed that EEPs significantly influenced the entrepreneurial activity of autonomous communities. This implies that entrepreneurial education should be a prioritized objective in the educational policy of these communities. The recommendations derived from these results are, among others, to promote role models, continue supporting the financing of entrepreneurial initiatives through education and training, continue implementing government policies to support entrepreneurship, and carry out evaluations on the impact that these programs have on skills acquired in the short and medium terms, as well as their maintenance over time.
There is a need to evaluate entrepreneurial education programs (EEPs) to see the impact they have on a country's development. Previous work has focused mostly on entrepreneurial intentions, mainly in a university context. Additionally, literature reviews on the impact of entrepreneurial education have not yet been conclusive, mainly due to the use of subjective indicators and a low consideration of objective indicators. The purpose of this article is to respond to some of these challenges. Specifically, this study used an objective indicator, Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), in a non-university context. A database was created that included programs categorized by autonomous communities. The analysis showed that EEPs significantly influenced the entrepreneurial activity of autonomous communities. This implies that entrepreneurial education should be a prioritized objective in the educational policy of these communities. The recommendations derived from these results are, among others, to promote role models, continue supporting the financing of entrepreneurial initiatives through education and training, continue implementing government policies to support entrepreneurship, and carry out evaluations on the impact that these programs have on skills acquired in the short and medium terms, as well as their maintenance over time.
Purpose To protect the environment and society, research on responsible behavior and personal values has increased. Values have been identified as important for understanding and predicting environmental preservation behaviors. The purpose of this study is to analyze the validity and reliability of the Environmental Portrait Value Questionnaire in the Spanish context.
Design/methodology/approach The new version of this questionnaire was administered to 742 university students (46.4% male and 53.6% female) from 16 regions in Spain.
Findings The results of adapting and testing the instrument's psychometric properties were consistent with accepted criteria for validity and reliability. Therefore, this updated and contextualized instrument has the potential to contribute to academic advances in the sense of expanding the empirical practice of studying environmental values. Fifteen items from the original version were retained, grouped into four factors as in the original version: Altruistic – five items; Egoistic – four items; Biospheric – three items; and Hedonic – three items. The final version showed adequate fit indices and reliability measures.
Originality/value This instrument is a powerful resource for the Spanish academic community because using this application it will be possible to assess the degree of commitment of young adults to the goals of sustainability and environmental protection.
