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Direct-acting antiviral agents; Opioid Treatment Program; Opioid agonist therapy; Hepatitis C virus infection; Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Drug use ; Agentes antivirales de acción directa; Programa de Tratamiento de Opioides; Terapia con agonistas opioides; Infección por el virus de la hepatitis C; Infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana; Uso de drogas ; Agents antivirals d'acció directa; Programa de tractament amb opioides; Teràpia amb agonistes opioides; Infecció pel virus de l'hepatitis C; Infecció pel virus de la immunodeficiència humana; Ús de drogues ; Background: Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are recommended for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients treated with methadone or buprenorphine. Aim: To assess HCV treatment rates in an Opioid Treatment Program (OTP). Methods: This longitudinal study included 501 patients (81.4% men, median age: 45 years; interquartile range: 39-50 years) enrolled in an OTP between October 2015 and September 2017. Patients were followed until September 2019. Data on socio-demographics, substance use, HCV infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and laboratory parameters were collected at entry. We analyzed medical records to evaluate HCV treatment. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models were used to analyze the DAA treatment uptake and to identify treatment predictors. Results: Prevalence of HCV and HIV infection was 70% and 34%, respectively. Among anti-HCV-positive (n = 336) patients, 47.2%, 41.3%, and 31.9% used alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine, respectively. HCV-RNA tests were positive in 233 (69.3%) patients. Twentyeight patients (8.3%) cleared the infection, and 59/308 (19.1%) had received interferon-based treatment regimens before 2015. Among 249 patients eligible, 111 (44.6%) received DAAs. Treatment rates significantly increased over time from 7.8/100 person-years (p-y) (95%CI: 5.0-12.3) in 2015 to 18.9/100 p-y (95%CI: 11.7-30.3) in 2019. In a multivariate analysis, patients with HIV co-infection were twice as likely to receive DAAs (HR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.21-3.12) than patients with HCV mono-infection. Current drug use was an independent risk factor for not receiving treatment against infection (HR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.29-0.80). Conclusion: HCV treatment is evolving in patients with HCV-HIV co-infection. Ongoing drug use while in an OTP might negatively impact the readiness to treat infection. ; Supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER), Network for Cooperative Research in Health (RETICS), Spain (No. RD16/0017/0003, PI17/00174, INT19/00026, CD19/00019); the Ministry of Health, National Plan on Drugs (PNSD), Spain (No. 2018/020); the European Commission (806996- JUSTSO-JUST2017-AG-DRUG); the Gilead Fellowship Program, Gilead Sciences (No. GLD17/187); the Ministry of Education, Spain (No. PRX18/00245); the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia (No. 2017SGR316); and the Municipal Institute of Personal Services-IMSP, Badalona.

Altres ajuts: National Plan on Drugs (PNSD), Spain (grant number 2018/020 and 2020/024); the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, Government of Catalonia (grant number ; Objective: Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) has been associated with multiple complications and premature death. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between baseline medical comorbidity and long-term medical outcomes (i.e., hospitalization, death) in a cohort of patients primarily admitted for detoxification. In addition, we aimed to analyze cause-specific mortality. Methods: longitudinal study in CUD patients admitted for detoxification between 2001 and 2018. Substance use characteristics, laboratory parameters and medical comorbidity by VACS Index were assessed at admission. Follow-up and health-related outcomes were ascertained through visits and e-health records. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to analyze survival and predictors of hospitalization and death. Results: 175 patients (77.7% men) were included. Age at admission was 35 years [IQR: 30-41 years], 59.4% of the patients being intranasal users, 33.5% injectors, and 7.1% smokers. Almost 23% of patients had concomitant alcohol use disorder, 39% were cannabis users and 9% opiate users. The median VACS Index score on admission was 10 points [IQR: 0-22]. After 12 years [IQR: 8.6-15 years] of follow-up there were 1,292 (80.7%) ED admissions and 308 (19.3%) hospitalizations. The incidence rate of ED admission and hospitalization was 18.6 × 100 p-y (95% CI: 15.8-21.8 × 100 p-y). Mortality rate was 1.4 × 100 p-y (95% CI: 0.9-2.0 × 100 p-y) and, baseline comorbidity predicted hospitalization and mortality: those with VACS Index >40 were 3.5 times (HR:3.52, 95% CI: 1.19-10.4) more likely to dye with respect to patients with VACS < 20. Conclusion: addiction care warrants optimal stratification of medical comorbidity to improve health outcomes and survival of CUD patients seeking treatment of the disorder.