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Compares the Black population in America with the ethnic populations of East-Central Europe in the context of Friedrich Engels's sociopolitical theory of people without history (1848). During American slavery, people of African descent essentially had to adopt their oppressors' language as well as exist within the confines of the American moral, social, political, & legal structure. By forgoing their own diverse & rich heritage after setting foot on American soil, Afro-Americans became a people without their own history, or a nonhistoric people. However, Herod believes the black migrations together with various social & political movements urged Blacks into a state of awareness & caused them to form a new consciousness & history. Herod extensively analyzes the Slovene, Slovak, Croat, Ruthenian, & Serb populations of the Habsburg Empire & draws numerous parallels to the experiences of Blacks in America. 57 References. A. Simms-Clark

A review essay on books by (1) Richard W. Thomas, Understanding Interracial Unity: A Study of U.S. Race Relations (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996); (2) Hope Landrine & Elizabeth A. Klonoff, African American Acculturation: Deconstructing Race and Reviving Culture (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996); & (3) Michael L. Hecht, Mary Jane Collier, & Sidney A. Ribeau, African American Communication: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Interpretation (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1993). These honest volumes contribute to understanding the identity problem in the Afro-American community & the racial status quo in the US. Thomas traces the interracial struggle for justice since the colonial period, believing that the more people know about how much blacks & whites have collaborated to promote interracial justice, the more it will be promoted. Clinical psychologists Landrine & Klonoff look at the concepts of "white skin privilege" & racial status quo in the acculturation of various minority groups. Hecht, Collier, & Ribeau approach black identity from communication studies. They view the black identity movement of the 1960s as an attempt to overthrow subordinate status with a positive ethnic identity, but all blacks did not readily accept this movement. M. Pflum