Suchergebnisse

Resulta difícil resumir en estas páginas doce años de guerra civil. Narrar una guerra es narrar muerte, destrucción, pérdida de valiosas vidas humanas, de los valores morales, del derecho a la vida.
Sin embargo, esta realidad parece ser el pan de cada día en muchas naciones, que al igual que El Salvador, han pasado o pasan por estos momentos tristes de su historia. Lo importante quizá, es reflexionar sobre aquellas cosas que pueden servir para cambiar la sociedad y hacer de ella algo mejor.
Desde esta perspectiva, trataré de analizar en estas líneas la incidencia que el conflicto interno salvadoreño tuvo en el desarrollo de la prensa nacional, que hoy experimenta una amplia pluralidad en cuanto a pensamientos ideológicos representados en los medios de comunicación.

El término mudéjar ha sido un campo de batalla clásico de la crítica historiográfica española desde su formulación como término artístico a mediados del siglo XIX. El propósito de este artículo no es sumarse al debate sobre el valor de esta etiqueta como elemento descriptivo del pasado, ni intentar precisar más su naturaleza histórica y estética; sino profundizar en las llamadas de atención que se han efectuado sobre la caracterización política e identitaria que poseía el término en sus primeros relatos. Para ello se ofrece un análisis ideológico del discurso fundacional del concepto por José Amador de los Ríos y de la controversia inmediata sobre el término.Since it was coined in mid 19th Century, the use of mudéjar as an artistic term has been a matter of controversy in Spanish historiography. The debate has been focused on its capacity to describe the artistic reality, commonly challenging the scope of its historical and aesthetical nature. On the contrary, the political and identitary profile of the concept needs further studies. The aim of this article is to provide an ideological analysis of both the foundational narratives of the term by José Amador de los Ríos and its coetaneous discussion.

"Focusing on the processes of political socialisation and democratisation that took place in Spain during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this book brings together specialists who propose the need to rethink the contemporary history of democracy in Spain to build a new narrative. To do so, the authors go down to the local level, where they are able to trace a political culture that forged the foundations of a process of political "modernization" much more complex than what conventional historiography has conveyed, even though it was not always transferred institutionally to the national level. The idea of a rural Spain that was backward, apolitical, violent and unprepared for democracy gives way to a more interesting history which, while recognising the peculiarities of the country and the important limitations to democracy, shows examples that could help build a new narrative closer those of other neighbouring countries. Aimed at contemporary historians interested in Spain and Europe, the book also addresses the debates faced by other social scientists on the concept of democracy. This dialogue between history, sociology and political science is particularly present in a special final chapter featuring a discussion of democracy and its application to Spanish history"--

La conflictividad rural ha jugado un papel importante en la historia contemporánea de España. La lectura del conflicto agrario como símbolo de una sociedad atrasada y poco preparada para la democracia moderna ha dado paso a una lectura más compleja y rica de la movilización social ocurrida en este ámbito, mayoritario en la edad contemporánea. En primer lugar, analizamos cómo desde diferentes tradiciones académicas se está produciendo hoy una cierta renovación en el estudio de la conflictividad agraria y ambiental. En segundo lugar, nos hemos servido de tres ejemplos concretos para mostrar la capacidad explicativa del conflicto social para entender el cambio del mundo rural en la España contemporánea

Scholars of Spain's democratic transition vary considerably in the role they attribute to movements. Spanish democratization is widely known for its successful elite negotiations and some describe it as an instance of democratization from above. For others it is a case of social movement activism creating problems for those elites negotiating the democratization process. Among those social movements, the least studied took place in the Spanish countryside. Rural movements played a role well beyond the standard accounts in two important ways. First, they challenged significant obstacles to democratization that elite deals had left in place at the local level. And, second, the local arena had major implications for the national scene. We trace the history of four rural campaigns that were a pivotal component of Spanish democratization. We conclude with some general observations on the role of social movements in imparting a dynamic character to democracy.

Scholars of Spain's democratic transition vary considerably in the role they attribute to movements. Spanish democratization is widely known for its successful elite negotiations and some describe it as an instance of democratization from above. For others it is a case of social movement activism creating problems for those elites negotiating the democratization process. Among those social movements, the least studied took place in the Spanish countryside. Rural movements played a role well beyond the standard accounts in two important ways. First, they challenged significant obstacles to democratization that elite deals had left in place at the local level. And, second, the local arena had major implications for the national scene. We trace the history off our rural campaigns that were a pivotal component of Spanish democratization. We conclude with some general observations on the role of social movements in imparting a dynamic character to democracy. Adapted from the source document.

This paper presents a survey of some fuzzy linguistic information access systems. The review shows information retrieval systems, filtering systems, recommender systems, and web quality evaluation tools, which are based on tools of fuzzy linguistic modelling. The fuzzy linguistic modelling allows us to represent and manage the subjectivity, vagueness and imprecision that is intrinsic and characteristic of the processes of information searching, and, in such a way, the developed systems allow users the access to quality information in a flexible and user-adapted way. ; European Union (EU) TIN2007-61079 PET2007-0460 ; Ministry of Public Works 90/07 ; Excellence Andalusian Project TIC5299

En los últimos años se ha desarrollado un importante debate en la Historia Ambiental acerca de lar elación entre campesinado y ecologismo, especialmente a partir de la propuesta de Guha y Martínez Alier (1997) de un Ecologismo Popular y de las críticas al mismo. En este artículo pretendemos profundizar en estas ideas a partir del análisis de la gestación y desarrollo de una de las primeras iniciativas del movimiento ecologista en España, e lPacto Andaluz por la Naturaleza, de 1985-1986.Esta iniciativa surgió de la confluencia de numerosas organizaciones ecologistas con el movimiento jornalero que representaba el Sindicato de Obreros del Campo (SOC) en la defensa de una gestión sostenible del bosque. Estas movilizaciones tuvieron como resultado la aprobación del Plan Forestal Andaluz en 1989 y la introducción, por la vía de la reclamación de mayor empleo, de valores ecologistas que venían a superar las concepciones conservacionistas hasta entonces asociadas con el ambientalismo. Esta es la historia de la confluencia entre un viejo movimiento en vías de extinción, el movimiento jornalero, y un nuevo movimiento social, el ecologista. El resultado es un buen ejemplo de la complejidad y capacidad de transformación del conflicto social. ; In recent years there has been an intensive debate on the relationship between peasantry and environmentalism in Environmental History. The starting point was the controversial definition of Popular Environmentalism by Ramachandra Guha and Martínez Alier (1997). In the present article we focus on these ideas through the analysis of a specific social movement, the «Andalusian Agreement for Nature» (Pacto Andaluz por la Naturaleza, 1985/1986), one of the first expressions of the Spanish green movement. The interesting feature lies in its origin. This green movement, claiming for a new sustainable use of forests, arose from the confluence of several environmentalist organizations and the traditional Peasant Union (Sindicato de Obreros del Campo). The struggles achieved a new Forest Policy (1989) adopted by the regional government, introducing new ecological values in the population beyond the traditional conservationist conception of environmentalism.This is the history of the confluence of an Old Social Movement, the peasant movement, and a New Social Movement, the green one. We consider this to be a good example for understanding the complexity and the auto‐transformation capacity of the social conflict.