Suchergebnisse

[EN] The present work proposes an AI implementation plan for the Spanish Public Sector as a guideline for accomplishing three main goals: (1) to acquire a better understanding of the AI framework in the context of the Public Administration, (2) to identify the principal actors of this process of radical transformation that all administrations will have to face in the near future, and (3) to provide a feasible prioritization strategy for determining which AI systems should be applied first, and in which particular areas of the Public Sector. The first step for developing this strategy has been to conduct a study of the current situation of AI in both scenarios Europe and Spain. Secondly, for determining the priorities among the AI systems subjected to study -Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Bid Data analytics, Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision, Content Generation and Reinforcement Learning-, a quantitative analysis based on the PACE prioritization matrix has been carried out. Finally, the order of public areas to approach with the implementation of AI systems -Education, Healthcare, Smart cities, Citizen-Public Administration interaction and Security-, has been based on a qualitative analysis of the current situation of the considered public areas. ; [ES] El presente trabajo propone un plan de implementación de la IA para el sector público español, con la intención de servir como guía para el cumplimiento de los siguientes objetivos principales: (1) adquirir una mejor comprensión del marco de IA en el contexto de la Administración Pública, (2) identificar los principales actores de este proceso de transformación radical que todas las administraciones tendrán que afrontar en un futuro próximo, y (3) proporcionar una estrategia de priorización viable para determinar qué sistemas de IA deben aplicarse en primer lugar, y en qué áreas concretas del Sector Público. El primer paso para el desarrollo de esta estrategia ha sido la realización de un estudio de la situación actual de la IA tanto en Europa como en ...

Part of the IFT Press series, this book reviews the myriad published information on bioactive components derived from marine foods, enabling researchers and product developers to select appropriate functional ingredients for new products. Chapters cover foods and food ingredients from both animal and plant marine sources, focusing on those which demonstrate biological properties and whose constituent compounds have been isolated and identified as potentially active. This book further addresses the biological activities of PUFAs (Polyunsaturated fatty acids), oils, phospholipids.

This paper deals with the modeling of social competition, possibly resulting in the onset of extreme conflicts. More precisely, we discuss models describing the interplay between individual competition for wealth distribution that, when coupled with political stances coming from support or opposition to a Government, may give rise to strongly self-enhanced effects. The latter may be thought of as the early stages of massive unpredictable events known as Black Swans, although no analysis of any fully-developed Black Swan is provided here. Our approach makes use of the framework of the kinetic theory for active particles, where nonlinear interactions among subjects are modeled according to game-theoretical principles.

El pdf del artículo es la versión pre-print.-- et al. ; In the present work, a comparative study between two environmentally friendly and selective extraction techniques, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) have been carried out focusing in the bioactive phenolic compounds present in Rosmarinus officinalis. For the analysis of the SFE and PLE extracts, a new methodology for qualitative characterization has been developed, based on the use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), equipped with two different detection systems coupled in series: diode array detector (DAD) and time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) detector connected via an electrospray ionization interface (ESI). The use of a small particle size C18 column (1.8μm) provided a great resolution and made possible the separation of several isomers. Moreover, UV-visible spectrophotometry is a valuable tool for identifying the class of phenolic compounds, whereas MS data enabled to structurally characterize the compounds present in the extracts. The applied methodology was useful for the determination of many well-known phenolic compounds present in R. officinalis, such as carnosol, carnosic acid, rosmadial, rosmanol, genkwanin, homoplantaginin, scutellarein, cirsimaritin and rosmarinic acid, as well as other phenolic compounds present in other species belonging to Lamiaceae family. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. ; The author IBL acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (FPI grant, BES-2009-028128). M.H. would like to thank MICINN for a "Ramón y Cajal" contract. The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for the project AGL2008-05108-C03-03/ALI and to Andalusian Regional Government Council of Innovation and Science for the excellence projects P07-AGR-02619, P09-CTS-4564 and P10-FQM-6563 and to CSD2007-00063 FUN-C-FOOD (Programa CONSOLIDER-INGENIO 2010) projects. ; Peer Reviewed

As the interest in biorefinery approaches is continuously increasing, new alternatives for the downstream valorization of biomasses are sought. Porphyridium cruentum microalga is a good natural source for a variety of interesting bioactive compounds, including carotenoids, phycoerythrin, and sulfated polysaccharides. In the present contribution, the use of compressed fluids-based techniques is explored towards the efficient and green extraction of bioactive compounds to valorize microalgal biomass. The extraction of carotenoids was first optimized using pressurized ethanol. The best extraction conditions involved the use of 125 °C for 20 min at 10.5 MPa. Subsequently, a sequential valorization process was devised based on the application of different steps directed towards the extraction of phycoerythrin, sulfated polysaccharides, and carotenoids, respectively. The applied pressurized conditions allowed the attainment of a good recovery of polar components without compromising the stability and extraction of carotenoids. Therefore, the proposed approach could be employed to obtain different bioactives from P. cruentum microalgal biomass employing green extraction processes. ; This research was financed under projects ABACUS (Algae for a Biomass Applied to the produCtion of added value compounds—funded by the Bio Based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 745668) and AGL2017-89417-R (MINECO, Spain). ; We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Segura-Carretero et al. ; A comparison among different advanced extraction techniques such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), together with traditional solid-liquid extraction, was performed to test their efficiency towards the extraction of phenolic compounds from leaves of six Tunisian olive varieties. Extractions were carried out at the best selected conditions for each technique; the obtained extracts were chemically characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS 2). As expected, higher extraction yields were obtained for PLE while phenolic profiles were mainly influenced by the solvent used as optimum in the different extraction methods. A larger number of phenolic compounds, mostly of a polar character, were found in the extracts obtained by using MAE. Best extraction yields do not correlate with highest cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells, indicating that cytotoxicity is highly dependent on the presence of certain compounds in the extracts, although not exclusively on a single compound. Therefore, a multifactorial behavior is proposed for the anticancer activity of olive leaf compounds. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. ; The authors are grateful to the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, to the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science for the project AGL2011-29857-C03-02 and to Andalusian Regional Government Council of Innovation and Science for the excellence projects P09-CTS-4564, P10-FQM-6563, and P11-CTS-7625, and to the University of Granada for the GREIB project GREIB.PYR-2011-02. M.H. and E.B.C. thank the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry (MICINN) for their "Ramón y Cajal" and "Torres Quevedo" (PTQ-08-03-08076) research contracts. ; Peer Reviewed

Herein we hypothesise the positive effects of kojibiose (KJ), a prebiotic disaccharide, selected for reducing hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vivo that could modulate the severity of saturated arachidic acid (ARa)-induced liver dysfunction in hyperglycaemic rats. Animals were fed daily (20 d) with ARa (0.3 mg) together or not with KJ (22 mg approximately 0.5 %, w/w diet). Glucose, total TAG and cholesterol contents and the phospholipid profile were determined in serum samples. Liver sections were collected for the expression (mRNA) of enzymes and innate biomarkers, and intrahepatic macrophage and T-cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry. ARa administration increased the proportion of liver to body weight that was associated with an increased (by 11 %) intrahepatic macrophage population. These effects were ameliorated when feeding with KJ, which also normalised the plasmatic levels of TAG and N-acyl-phosphatidylethenolamine in response to tissue damage. These results indicate that daily supplementation of KJ significantly improves the severity of ARa-induced hepatic alterations. ; M. H. thanks MICINN for his 'Ramón y Cajal' contract. This work was supported by grants AGL2011-25169, AGL2011-27884 and Consolider Fun-C-Food CSD2007-00063 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN, Spain). M. D.-M. is supported by the High Research Council of the Spanish Government (CSIC) through JAE-Pre Programme, co-funded by European Social Fund (ESF). ; Peer Reviewed

Trabajo presentado al 7th Worskhop CSIC-CNRS: "Micro- and Nano-Techniques for Analysis and Characterization of Proteins", celebrado en Madrid del 22 al 23 de julio de 2019. ; Casein and ovalbumin are used in the wine clarification process to promote interactions with undesirable compounds, such as polyphenols and tannins. This kind of proteins may trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals, therefore their presence in wines could became a human health risk, especially when not reported. For this reason, the European Union established that concentrations higher than 0.25 mg L-1 should be declared in the label. The objective of this work was to develop a tandem mass spectrometry method based on UHPLC coupled to quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (q-TOF-MS/MS) to accurately identify and quantify these allergenic proteins in Chilean wines. We focused our efforts on increasing the number of detectable peptides reported in literature in order to increase accuracy and reliability on the analysis. Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (QqQMS/SM) was also used to comparative evaluate the performance of q-TOF vs QqQ. Proteins were extracted combining the use of ultrafiltration membranes and precipitated with organic solvents. Then, proteins were digested with trypsin using ultrasounds energy. A face-centered central composite design with two central points was selected to optimize the enzymatic digestion, setting up a digestion time of 3 minutes and an enzyme/protein ratio of 1:10. Peptides separation was carried out on Phenomenex Kinetex XB Core-Shell C18 column (100 mm x 4.6 mm, 2.6 μm), at 35oC, using a mobile phase composed of ultrapure water and acetonitrile, both with 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid. MS analysis was carried out on an Agilent Q-TOF MS 6540 equipped with an orthogonal electrospray ionization (ESI) source (Agilent Jet Stream, AJS) and a Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan) LC-MS-8030 triple quadrupole (TQ) mass spectrometer. Marker peptides for quantification were selected among the most abundant and stable. Quantification was performed in MRM mode, using an isotopically labeled peptide as internal standard. Q-TOF analysis based on full scan data and on product ion scan mode allowed the identification of a larger number of marker peptides than those reported for QQQ analysis. Thus, several precursor ion peptides for α-, β-casein and ovalbumin were identified, as well as characteristic peptides of k-casein that had not been previously reported in literature. LODs ranged from 4.7 to 8.5 μg L-1 working in MRM mode with QqQ; while slightly higher LODs (10-60 μg L-1) were obtained operating with q-TOF. The results show the advantage of using a q-TOF mass analyzer to detect and identify new marker peptides, while using QqQ for its exact quantification. Using the proposed methodology, some of the target peptides exhibited lower LODs than those reported in literature. Finally, sixty samples of Chilean wines were analyzed, finding 14 samples with higher levels of casein and ovalbumin than recommended by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. ; This study was funded by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) project No1171857 and by the Fund for Scientific and Technological Equipment (FONDEQUIP) project No 130209. G.A.R. would like to acknowledge MINECO for the "Juan de La Cierva-Formación" postdoctoral grant FJCI-2016-30902. ; Peer reviewed

This article intends to show the current state of the research about structural timber in Spain. An ample compilation of information from people and institutions has been carried out. Information received has been so extensive that a hard work of synthesis has been necesary in order to offer a general and objective vision of the subject.In a few years a new legislative and normative frame has been implanted in Spain, defi ned by the Law of Arrangement of the Construction, the Construction Technical Code and the European Construction Products Directive. In this frame some challenges for the sector arise from the construction and the timber. It is the fi rst time that structural timber is framed within a norm of forced fulfillment, which it supposes not only a challenge but the putting in value of all its potential like structural material.In this frame research necessities have been increased, as well as development and innovation, and it is demostrated by several research iniciatives started in our country, with a clear vocation to respond to the necessities arisen in the sector and to satisfy the raised requirements of security in the norm. In this work, using the compiled information, the research lines on structural timber at the moment in Spain are summarized, as well as their presence in means of national or international diffusion or their direct applications in the industry. ; Este artículo pretende dibujar un panorama sobre el estado actual de la investigación en torno a la madera estructural desarrollada actualmente en España. Se ha realizado una amplia recopilación de información entre personas e instituciones. La información recibida ha sido tan extensa que ha sido necesaria una difícil labor de síntesis para ofrecer una visión general y objetiva.En poco tiempo ha sido implantado en España un nuevo marco legislativo y normativo defi nido por la Ley de Ordenación de la Edifi cación, el Código Técnico de la Edificación y la Directiva Europea de Productos de la Construcción. En este marco surgen algunos ...

[Introduction]: Olea europaea L. leaves may be considered a cheap, easily available natural source of phenolic compounds. In a previous study we evaluated the possibility of obtaining bioactive phenolic compounds from olive leaves by pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) for their use as natural anti-oxidants. The alimentary use of these kinds of extract makes comprehensive knowledge of their composition essential. [Objective]: To undertake a comprehensive characterisation of two olive-leaf extracts obtained by PLE using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). [Method]: Olive leaves were extracted by PLE using ethanol and water as extraction solvents at 150°C and 200°C respectively. Separation was carried out in a HPLC system equipped with a C 18-column working in a gradient elution programme coupled to ESI-QTOF-MS operating in negative ion mode. [Results]: This analytical platform was able to detect 48 compounds and tentatively identify 31 different phenolic compounds in these extracts, including secoiridoids, simple phenols, flavonoids, cinnamic-acid derivatives and benzoic acids. Lucidumoside C was also identified for the first time in olive leaves. [Conclusion]: The coupling of HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS led to the in-depth characterisation of the olive-leaf extracts on the basis of mass accuracy, true isotopic pattern and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. We may conclude therefore that this analytical tool is very valuable in the study of phenolic compounds in plant matrices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ; This work was supported by the projects AGL2008-05108-C03-03/01 and AGL2011-29857-C03-02 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; P09-CTS-4564, P10-FQM-6563 and P11-CTS-7625 of the Andalusian Regional Government Council of Innovation and Science, and GREIB.PT.2011.18. The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for FPU grant AP2007-03246 and a 'Ramón y Cajal' research contract. ; Peer Reviewed