Suchergebnisse

AbstractHow do gifts relate to formal and informal institutions? Giving gifts, especially in the form of anti-poverty aid, opens the givers to a serious social dilemma: the Samaritan's dilemma. We explain how the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints uses a mixture of formal and informal governance to provide sustainable social welfare programs that avoid this dilemma. These institutions not only govern aid arrangements, but also provide governance across the entire Church community, encouraging religious adherence and broad-based participation.

Abstract:What is progress and what is not progress? We can talk about progress in lots of different arenas; we will focus primarily on economic and scientific progress, but also make brief reference to cultural and moral progress. In our discussion, we want to distinguish, especially, between overall, long-term progress and narrower, shorter-term progress or regress. We will refer to these as "global" and "local" progress, respectively. Of course, one can also regress; therefore, we will also look at instances where progress, along some dimension, slows or even moves backwards. Generally, such regress is local, and often still in a context of broader, global progress. In scientific progress, for example, there are many instances of short-term progress which, if not completely discarded or disproved, are at least substantially modified or fundamentally challenged. And yet, those research paths, even when later abandoned, still contributed to the overall progress of the field. In that sense, the regress (that is, rejection or modification of previous theories) is corrected by, but not in conflict with, the overall progress. In the case of economic progress, the concept of regress usually takes on a different form in which things that aren't advancing progress don't necessarily stop it, but are simply retarding progress — that is, making the rate of progress less efficient. The consequence, we suggest, is that when talking about economic progress, objections to certain consequences of economic progress (for instance, income inequality — a type of regress, in our terminology) should not be cordoned off and dealt with independently, but should be incorporated into the way we think about economic progress itself — as instances of local regress within a context of global progress. We explore the effects of these different relations between progress and regress to suggest some of the challenges those seeking to broaden the standard measure, GDP, to incorporate other social values of well-being will face moving forward.

"This volume explores how public policy can foster or limit social coordination in the market, civil society, and within various levels of government. Some chapters in this volume are more theoretical, applying public choice and market process theory to public policy issues, while other chapters examine practical, real-world case studies"--

Introduction / by Rosolino A. Candela, Rosemarie Fike, and Roberta Herzberg -- Rise of a centropoly : good intentions, distorted incentives, and the cloaked costs of top-down reform in US public education / by Martha Bradley-Dorsey -- Group identity and unintended consequences of school desegregation / by Nathaniel Burke -- Compensating the innocent : Hayekian considerations for wrongful conviction compensation statutes / by Dora Duru -- Rent-seeking in Medicaid managed care / by Neil McCray -- Banking on the masses : mainstreaming marginal legal entrepreneurship along with the trappings of transitional gains, 1910 to 1940 / by Thomas B. Storrs -- Taking time and distinct law types seriously : how the effects of CSO laws vary by type and unfold over time / by Anthony J. DeMattee -- A tale of one city : Lavasa as a Coasian prototype of a private urban development / by Vera Kichanova -- The political effects of a polycentric order in Nigeria / by Ifeoluwa M. Olawole -- Environmental justice, incentives, and the unknown : knowledge problems, institutional incentives, and responses to natural disaster scenarios / by Emil Panzaru -- Unintended consequences of a US meat tax / by Alison Grant -- Institutional differences in the stewardship and research output of United States herbaria / by Alexis Garretson -- Introducing a theory of asset specificity for hacking services / by Karl Grindal.

This research explores two approaches to modeling decisions about when to resort to conflict. The authors begin from a model of a single actor making unilateral decisions for her or his nation-state. That model is expanded to incorporate advisors who make recommendations to the unitary actor. Those recommendations can be accepted or rejected as the leader sees fit. The authors' concern is to explore the robustness of the unitary actor model when others are added to the decision process. The authors rely on theoretical findings from social choice theory to develop the model. Laboratory experiments are then used to test the predictions from their model.